ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780190931919
Author: NEWNAN
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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- This is an end-of-chapter problem that I'm struggling with! thanks!arrow_forwardAir pollution creates a negative externality—a cost suffered by a third party as a result of an economic transaction. A standard solution to a negative externality is a Pigouvian tax, a tax that raises the marginal private cost of pollution emissions to the level of the marginal social cost. The socially optimal quantity of pollution emissions is then determined by the intersection of the marginal private benefit, or demand, curve and the marginal social cost curve. The article notes that "putting a dollar value on the benefits of cleaner air has been difficult." Assuming this problem has been resolved, in the accompanying diagram, move the endpoints of line Smarginal social cost to show the marginal social cost curve. Then move the line labeled "Tax" to show the amount of the tax needed to limit emissions to the socially optimal level.arrow_forwardParks confer many external benefits on society: open space, trees that reduce pollution, and so on. Therefore, the market equilibrium quantity of parks is not equal to the socially optimal quantity. The following graph shows the demand for parks (their private value), the supply of parks (the private cost of producing them), and the social value of parks, including both the private value and external benefits. Use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the market equilibrium quantity. Next, use the purple point (diamond symbol) to indicate the socially optimal quantity.arrow_forward
- Consider the following table, describing each person's willingness to pay for different levels (units) mosquito control. Mosquito control is a public good for this society. Demand for Mosquito Control Person A Level WTP($) Person B Person C WTP($) WTP($) 10 25 16 15 20 20 14 12 30 15 12 8. 40 10 10 6. 50 5 8 3 The marginal cost of producing one unit of mosquito control is $35 and constant. Assuming there is no Free-Rider issue, the private level of mosquito control supplied would be units. The optimal level of mosquito control however, would be units.arrow_forwardChapter 10 The first government employee suggests reducing pollution through regulation. To meet the pollution goal, the government requires each firm reduce its pollution by 2 units. Complete the following table with the total cost to each firm of reducing its pollution by 2 units. Firm Total Cost of Eliminating Two Units of Pollution (Dollars) Firm A Firm B Firm C ☐☐ Method 2: Tradable Permits Meanwhile, the other employee proposes using a different strategy to achieve the government's goal of reducing pollution in the area from 1 6 units. This employee suggests that the government issue two pollution permits to each firm. For each permit a firm has in its possession, i 1 unit of pollution. Firms are free to trade pollution permits with one another (that is, buy and sell them) as long as both firms can agree on For example, if firm A agrees to sell a permit to firm B at an agreed-upon price, then firm B would end up with three permits and would nee reduce its pollution by only 1 unit…arrow_forwardAir horns impose many external costs on society: the risk of being deafened, the annoyance of being awakened in the middle of the night, and so on. Therefore, the market equilibrium quantity of air horns is not equal to the socially optimal quantity. The following graph shows the demand for air horns (their private value), the supply of air horns (the private cost of producing them), and the social cost of air horns, including both the private cost and external costs. Use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the market equilibrium quantity. Next, use the purple point (diamond symbol) to indicate the socially optimal quantity.arrow_forward
- I Price and cost (thousands of dollars per student) 20 16 12 8 0 200 A) 0 students; 400 students B) 600 students; 600 students C) 400 students; 600 students D) 600 students; 400 students E) 400 students; 400 students S = MC MSB MB 400 600 800 1,000 Quantity (students per year) 35) 35) The figure above shows the market for private elementary school education in Chicago. There is no external cost of private elementary education. If the government does not intervene in this market, the equilibrium number of students being privately educated is and the efficient quantity isarrow_forwardit View History s for Business - Goog X s.uts.edu.au/courses/25533/quizzes/59436/take Price of high emissions vehicles Article Link: https://bit.ly/3fbNtrF The following graph represents the market for high-emissions cars. Answer this question assuming that the externality is not internalised. O P1 O P2 O P3 PH P3 P₂ O P4 P₁ Bookmarks Profiles Tab Window Help 0 Question 8 1 Price of high emissions vehicles Quiz: Microeconomics News A X + d₁ What is the private value of the last unit traded (or the willingness to pay of the marginal buyer) in the market? Q₂ Q3 JAN Q4 S Social Value Quantity of high emissions vehicles Article Link: https://bit.ly/3fbNtrF The following graph represents the market for high-emissions cars. Answer this question assuming that the externality is not internalised. 2 pts Sarrow_forwardComplete the following Exercises. Use complete sentences. Consider two firms who each release 10 units of pollution initially, for a total of 20 units. Their supply curves for abatement are given below. These supply curves measure the marginal cost of abatement, or the cost of cleaning up each unit of pollution. For example, it costs firm 1 $40 to clean up (or abate) the 1st unit, $80 to clean up the 2nd unit, and so forth. Supply of Abatement UnitFirm 1Firm 2 1$ 40$ 36 2$80$56 3$120$76 4$160$96 5$200$116 6$240$136 7$280$156 8$320$176 9$360$196 10$400 $216 A.) Assume that the damages from the pollution are an external cost from the standpoint of the two firms. How many units will each abate? Why?Why are their marginal costs of abatement (supply curves) rising as they eliminate more pollution (i.e., as they get closer to zero units of pollution)? Now assume the Environmental Protection Agency has determined that the desired…arrow_forward
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