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Shown below is a cytokine signaling pathway which regulates SOCS gene expression and T cell division. Cytokine Step 1: Cytokine receptors (CR) remain bound to JAK proteins and they are both Active CR dephosphorylated when inactive. Inactive CR P. Step 2: Binding of cytokines to CR causes two PIAK JAK-P JAK monomers of CR to dimerize. JAK STAT STAT-P Inactive Step 3: JAK proteins bound to the cytoplasmic domains of the CR phosphorylate each other. They also phosphorylate and activate the dimerized CR. STAT -P NUCLEUS STAT P Active STAT - P Step 4: Activated CR phosphorylates STAT proteins and this results in its dimerization and activation. STAT-P STAT P SOCS gene transcribed Step 5: Active STAT protein dimer moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of the SOCS gene by binding to its'promoter. SOCS CYTOPLASM Cell division gene expression promotes cell division. Which protein/s in the above pathway functions as a transcription factor? (Cytokine/CR/JAK/STAT/SOCS) а. b. Which protein/s in the above pathway functions as a kinase? (Cytokine/CR/JAK/STAT/SOCS) Consider the following homozygous mutations in different components of the signaling pathway. Mutant 1: CR lacks its extracellular domain that binds to cytokine ligand Mutant 2: STAT protein cannot be phosphorylated Mutant 3: SOCS promoter sequence is heavily methylated C. Complete the table for each of the mutations in the presence of cytokines Mutant CR active JAK active STAT SOCS Cell division (Yes/No) (Yes/No) dimerized expressed (Yes/No) (Yes/No) (Yes/No)

Shown below is a cytokine signaling pathway which regulates SOCS gene expression and T cell division. Cytokine Step 1: Cytokine receptors (CR) remain bound to JAK proteins and they are both Active CR dephosphorylated when inactive. Inactive CR P. Step 2: Binding of cytokines to CR causes two PIAK JAK-P JAK monomers of CR to dimerize. JAK STAT STAT-P Inactive Step 3: JAK proteins bound to the cytoplasmic domains of the CR phosphorylate each other. They also phosphorylate and activate the dimerized CR. STAT -P NUCLEUS STAT P Active STAT - P Step 4: Activated CR phosphorylates STAT proteins and this results in its dimerization and activation. STAT-P STAT P SOCS gene transcribed Step 5: Active STAT protein dimer moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of the SOCS gene by binding to its'promoter. SOCS CYTOPLASM Cell division gene expression promotes cell division. Which protein/s in the above pathway functions as a transcription factor? (Cytokine/CR/JAK/STAT/SOCS) а. b. Which protein/s in the above pathway functions as a kinase? (Cytokine/CR/JAK/STAT/SOCS) Consider the following homozygous mutations in different components of the signaling pathway. Mutant 1: CR lacks its extracellular domain that binds to cytokine ligand Mutant 2: STAT protein cannot be phosphorylated Mutant 3: SOCS promoter sequence is heavily methylated C. Complete the table for each of the mutations in the presence of cytokines Mutant CR active JAK active STAT SOCS Cell division (Yes/No) (Yes/No) dimerized expressed (Yes/No) (Yes/No) (Yes/No)

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood
Chapter12: Body Defenses
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 15RE
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Shown below is a cytokine signaling pathway which regulates SOCS gene expression and T cell division. Step 1: Cytokine receptors (CR) remain bound to JAK proteins and they are both dephosphorylated when inactive. Cytokine Active CR Inactive CR PJAK (JAK P Step 2: Binding of cytokines to CR causes two monomers of CR to dimerize. JAK JAK STAT STAT - P Inactive Step 3: JAK proteins bound to the cytoplasmic domains of the CR phosphorylate each other. They also phosphorylate and activate the dimerized CR. STAT- P NUCLEUS STAT P Active STAT -P Step 4: Activated CR phosphorylates STAT proteins and this results in its dimerization and activation. STAT - P STAT - P SOCS gene transcribed Step 5: Active STAT protein dimer moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of the SOCS gene by binding to its'promoter. SOCS gene expression promotes cell division. CYTOPLASM Cell division Which protein/s in the above pathway functions as a transcription factor? (Cytokine/CR/JAK/STAT/SOCS) а. b. Which protein/s in the above pathway functions as a kinase? (Cytokine/CR/JAK/STAT/SOCS) C. Consider the following homozygous mutations in different components of the signaling pathway. Mutant 1: CR lacks its extracellular domain that binds to cytokine ligand Mutant 2: STAT protein cannot be phosphorylated Mutant 3: SOCS promoter sequence is heavily methylated Complete the table for each of the mutations in the presence of cytokines Mutant CR active JAK active STAT SOCS Cell division (Yes/No) (Yes/No) dimerized expressed (Yes/No) (Yes/No) (Yes/No)
Transcribed Image Text:Shown below is a cytokine signaling pathway which regulates SOCS gene expression and T cell division. Step 1: Cytokine receptors (CR) remain bound to JAK proteins and they are both dephosphorylated when inactive. Cytokine Active CR Inactive CR PJAK (JAK P Step 2: Binding of cytokines to CR causes two monomers of CR to dimerize. JAK JAK STAT STAT - P Inactive Step 3: JAK proteins bound to the cytoplasmic domains of the CR phosphorylate each other. They also phosphorylate and activate the dimerized CR. STAT- P NUCLEUS STAT P Active STAT -P Step 4: Activated CR phosphorylates STAT proteins and this results in its dimerization and activation. STAT - P STAT - P SOCS gene transcribed Step 5: Active STAT protein dimer moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of the SOCS gene by binding to its'promoter. SOCS gene expression promotes cell division. CYTOPLASM Cell division Which protein/s in the above pathway functions as a transcription factor? (Cytokine/CR/JAK/STAT/SOCS) а. b. Which protein/s in the above pathway functions as a kinase? (Cytokine/CR/JAK/STAT/SOCS) C. Consider the following homozygous mutations in different components of the signaling pathway. Mutant 1: CR lacks its extracellular domain that binds to cytokine ligand Mutant 2: STAT protein cannot be phosphorylated Mutant 3: SOCS promoter sequence is heavily methylated Complete the table for each of the mutations in the presence of cytokines Mutant CR active JAK active STAT SOCS Cell division (Yes/No) (Yes/No) dimerized expressed (Yes/No) (Yes/No) (Yes/No)
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