Question 6: Causal Inference Analysis of Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction Objective: Determine the causal effects of various factors on participants' JobSatisfaction. Specifically, investigate whether increasing HoursWorked leads to higher or lower job satisfaction while accounting for potential confounders. Dataset Assumptions: Assume that statsnew.csv includes the following additional variables relevant to causal analysis: . • PreviousJobSatisfaction: The job satisfaction score from the previous period. WorkEnvironment: A self-reported measure of the work environment on a scale from 1 to 10. • Training Programs: Indicator of participation in training programs (Yes, No). • • ManagerSupport: Rating of manager support on a scale from 1 to 5. CompanySize: Number of employees in the company. Tasks: 1. Conceptual Framework: a. Develop a causal diagram (Directed Acyclic Graph - DAG) illustrating the hypothesized relationships between HoursWorked, JobSatisfaction, and potential confounders (Age, Gender, EducationLevel, Income, EmploymentStatus, Marital Status, PreviousJobSatisfaction, WorkEnvironment, TrainingPrograms, ManagerSupport, CompanySize). b. Identify the set of variables that need to be controlled for to estimate the causal effect of HoursWorked on JobSatisfaction. 2. Data Preparation: . . a. Load the statsnew.csv dataset into R. b. Handle missing data using multiple imputation techniques (e.g., using the mice package). c. Convert categorical variables (Gender, EducationLevel, EmploymentStatus, Marital Status, Training Programs) into appropriate numerical formats using dummy encoding or factor variables. • d. Check for and address any multicollinearity issues among the predictors.

"Bullying." according to noted expert Dan Olweus, "poisons the educational environment and affects the learning of every child." Bullying and victimization are evident as early as preschool, with the problem peaking in middle school. Suppose you are interested in the emotional well-being of not only the victims but also bystanders, bullies, and those who bully but who are also victims (bully-victims). You decide to measure depression in a group of victims and a group of bully-victims using a 26-item, 3-point depression scale. Assume scores on the depression scale are normally distributed and that the variances of the depression scores are the same among victims and bully-victims. The group of 25 victims scored an average of 25.3 with a sample standard deviation of 9 on the depression scale. The group of 23 bully-victims scored an average of 20.5 with a sample standard deviation of 8 on the same scale. You do not have any presupposed assumptions about whether victims or bully-victims…

2. Researchers interested in determining if there is a relationship between death anxiety and religiosity conducted the following study. Subjects completed a death anxiety scale (high score = high anxiety) and also completed a checklist designed to measure an individuals degree of religiosity (belief in a particular religion, regular attendance at religious services, number of times per week they regularly pray, etc.) (high score = greater religiosity . A data sample is provided below. What is the degree of relationship between the two variables? Death Anxiety Religiosity 38 4 42 3 29 11 31 5 28 15 24 14 17 9 19 10 11 15 8 19 19 17 3 10 14 14 6 18

A researcher conducts a cross-sectional analysis of workers and finds a positive correlation between the number of hours high schoolers spent practicing a musical instrument and their subsequent college performance. Explain how this relationship could be causal. The researcher advocates a policy of requiring all students to take band in order to improve future outcomes. What is a possible problem with this analysis?

Cybersecurity is a critical business issue that demands the attention of business and IT executives. According to a study released by PwC, 38% of surveyed business and IT executives reported phishing scams at their institutions.Source: Data extracted from “Toward new possibilities in threat management,” PwC, 2017 pwc.to/2kwhPJv. a. If you conduct a follow-up study to estimate the population proportion of business and IT executives reporting phishing scams at their institutions, would you use a p of 0.38 or 0.50 in the sample size formula? b. Using your answer in part (a), find the sample size necessary to estimate, with 95% confidence, the population proportion to within 0.03.

What is the correlation between income level and educational attainment in a given population, and how does this relationship impact overall socioeconomic status?

According to the World Health Organization, obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally. While obesity has generally been linked with chronic disease and disability, researchers argue that it may also affect wages. In other words, the body mass index (BMI) of an employee is a predictor for salary. (A person is considered overweight if his/her BMI is at least 25 and obese if BMI exceeds 30.) The accompanying data file includes salary (in $1,000s) for 30 college-educated men with their respective BMI and a dummy variable that represents 1 for a white man and 0 otherwise. Salary BMI White 34 33 1 43 26 1 44 26 1 34 35 0 34 36 1 53 20 1 42 20 0 37 26 1 35 28 1 46 22 1 46 20 1 34 35 0 45 26 1 33 34 0 25 29 0 32 30 1 46 18 0 31 31 0 54 19 1 37 23 0 42 27 1 38 30 1 45 18 0 38 26 0 41 28 1 39 28 1 50 20 1 41 26 1 38 28 1 45 21 1 1. Estimate a model for Salary with BMI and White as the predictor variables. Note: Negative…

Question:  A researcher believes that the stock market performance and the property market performance in Singapore are associated.  Describe one (1) statistical approach the researcher would implement to determine the association between the performances of these two markets.  Explain their association and the factors that affect their association.

Which analysis method should be used to answer/gather information for the following research questions ?  ( Qualitative , Quantitative , mixed-methods , ETC ) • is there a positive association between looping and student outcomes ? • is classroom behavior management better in looped classrooms? • Are student -teacher and student- student relationships better in looped classrooms? • How is looping linked to teacher outcomes? Are teachers in favor of looping? • How do outcomes and perceptions of the class environment differ between students retaining the same teacher to those new to the class ?

The GHQ is a well-known instrument for measuring minor psychological distress. The scale asks whether the respondent has experienced a particular symptom or behavior recently. Higher scores are associated with worst mental health. Past research has demonstrated that being of lower socioeconomic status was also associated with poorer mental health. The data are below:      Participant  Financial Security  GHQ 1 20 25 2 18 23 3 18 17 4 19 35 5 19 18 6 18 24 7 19 24 8 14 25 9 10 27 10 7 50 i just need help on the blanks in the picture thankyou