A researcher conducts a cross-sectional analysis of workers and finds a positive correlation between the number of hours high schoolers spent practicing a musical instrument and their subsequent college performance. Explain how this relationship could be causal. The researcher advocates a policy of requiring all students to take band in order to improve future outcomes. What is a possible problem with this analysis?

Find an interesting instance where two variables are strongly correlated, but share no causal link.  Explain the situation, describe the variables, and explain why it doesn't make sense for the data to be correlated.

A research study reports the results of a correlational study that shows a negative relationship between parent stress at work and the mental health of their children. What possible findings would show this? A. Parents who report higher stress at work tend to have children with higher mental well-being scores B. Parents to report higher stressed out work tend to have children with higher anxiety scores C. Parents who report lower stress at work tend to have children with lower anxiety scores D. Parents who report lower stress at work tend to have children with higher mental well-being scores

Bullying,” according to noted expert Dan Olweus, “poisons the educational environment and affects the learning of every child.” Bullying and victimization are evident as early as preschool, with the problem peaking in middle school. Suppose you are interested in the emotional well-being of not only the victims but also bystanders, bullies, and those who bully but who are also victims (bully-victims). You decide to measure anxiety in a group of bullies and a group of victims using an 18-item, 5-point anxiety scale. Assume scores on the anxiety scale are normally distributed and that the variances of the anxiety scores are the same among bullies and victims. The group of 23 bullies scored an average of 40.1 with a sample standard deviation of 10 on the anxiety scale. The group of 28 victims scored an average of 46.8 with a sample standard deviation of 11 on the same scale. You do not have any presupposed assumptions about whether bullies or victims will be more anxious, so you formulate…

There is a strong correlation between the number of students graduating from SVS and the population of squirrels in York Region. The most likely type of causal relationship is:A.cause and effect B.accidental C.presumed D.reverse cause and effect

What is the meaning of each below type of hypothesis?  Causal Hypothesis  Correlational hypothesis  Descriptive hypothesis  Relational hypothesis

even though we may observe a strong relationship between the explanatory and response variables, a lurking variable may also influence the response vatiabke. This is reffered to as A. correlation  B. confounding C.association  D. causation

Education influences attitude and lifestyle. Differences in education are a big factor in the "generation gap." Is the younger generation really better educated? Large surveys of people age 65 and older were taken in n1 = 38 U.S. cities. The sample mean for these cities showed that x1 = 15.2% of the older adults had attended college. Large surveys of young adults (age 25 - 34) were taken in n2 = 37 U.S. cities. The sample mean for these cities showed that x2 = 18.1% of the young adults had attended college. From previous studies, it is known that ?1 = 6.4% and ?2 = 4.8%. Does this information indicate that the population mean percentage of young adults who attended college is higher? Use ? = 0.05. (c) Find (or estimate) the P-value. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) A random sample of n1 = 12 winter days in Denver gave a sample mean pollution index x1 = 43. Previous studies show that ?1 = 15. For Englewood (a suburb of Denver), a random sample of n2 = 16 winter days gave a…

According to multiple research, there is a -0.697 correlation between happiness and loneliness. This means that _________.   a. People who are happier tend to be less lonely.   b. People who are happier tend to be more lonely.   c. There is no link between happiness and loneliness.   d. There is a causal relationship between happiness and loneliness.

. Differentiate between correlation vs. causation. When two variables are correlated (such as strength and running speed), they are associated with one another. Explain how, even if there is a correlation between the two, one might not cause the other. Provide an example of an association between variables where a causal relationship makes sense conceptually. Why can't correlations be used as a tool to prove a causal relationship between variables rather than just an association?