Many viruses that infect eukaryotic cells express genes that alterthe regulation of host gene expression to promote viral replication.For example, herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) expresses aprotein called ICP0, which is necessary for successful viral infectionand replication within the host. Lutz et al. (2017. Viruses9: 210) showed that ICP0 can act as a ubiquitin ligase and targetthe redundant transcriptional repressors ZEB1 and ZEB2,which leads to upregulation of the miR-183 cluster (a set of threemiRNAs transcribed from the same locus). Speculate on how miR-183 cluster upregulation may benefitthe virus.

Q: When tryptophan levels are high in E. coli, what conformation does the trp leader mRNA adoptand what…

A: The question is asking about the effect of high tryptophan levels on the conformation of the trp…

Q: After lambda infects a cell, how does it decide to create a lysogen? Name the major cis and trans…

A: Lambda Phage is a bacteriophage that primarily infects E. coli bacteria. It has a complex life cycle…

Q: Give 4 examples of transcription factors / non-structural proteins you have learned in this course?…

A: Since you have posted multiple questions we solve the first two questions for you. To get the…

Q: Experimentally, when an E. coli bacterium already has a λ prophageintegrated into its chromosome,…

A: Lambda phage binds to the bacterial cell surface and then, injects its genetic material inside the…

Q: Certain environmental conditions such as exposure to UV light areknown to activate lysogenic λ…

A: Lambda (λ) phage is a bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, which infects the bacterium Escherichia…

Q: Consider the phase variation of flagella in Salmonella. Describe the phenotype of a cell in which…

A: Understanding the genetic regulation of flagellar phase variation in bacteria, such as Salmonella,…

Q: Suppose that you have isolated a mutant strain of E. coli inwhich the lac operon is constitutively…

A: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms that are invisible to the naked eye. The microorganisms…

Q: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments enable researchers to measure the levels of…

A: LPS (lipopolysaccharide) treatment results in the recruitment of the transcription factor NfkB and…

Q: please explain how does INRNA modify the structure of the chromatin in order to regulate gene…

A: Chromatin is an organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic…

Q: seems that the expert only addressed the background of prorooncogen and the impact of Ras causing…

A: Protooncogenes are the genes that form the proteins that are responsible for cell division and cell…

Q: Given that the the trp operon is a negative repressible operon what happens to the trp repressor in…

A: Introduction  The lac operon model is a classic example of gene regulation in prokaryotic cells. The…

Q: In the galactose operon of E. coli, a repressor, encoded by the galR gene, binds to an operator…

A: The galactose operon of E.coli is called as gal operon. This operon consists of 4 structural genes.…

Q: Suppose you had a bacteriophage λ in which the gene encoding the cro protein had been mutated, so…

A: The mutation alters allele frequencies by constantly introducing new alleles, which can be…

Q: Explain why (a) inactivation of the O2 or O3 sequence of the lac operon causes only a twofold loss…

A: An operon is defined as a group of genes that have a common promoter and regulator and also…

Q: Question 5: (a) Would the addition of the molecule Actinomycin D affect the production of new HIV…

A: HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the most dangerous virus that can affect the body by causing…

Q: In immediate-early transcription of the phage genome, the N protein works as an antiterminator to…

A: Lambda phage is a bacteriophage which can enter either the lytic or lysogenic cycle. The…

Q: Centers of transcriptional repression that are usually associated with lamina or found around…

A: Barr bodies are transcriptionally repressed centers meaning that most genes on the inactivated X…

Q: Assume that the provirus in Figure 23.14 inserts just upstream of atumor-suppressor gene. Would this…

A: Viruses are those organisms that cannot proliferate unless present within the host cell. Thus when…

Q: that best fits the phrase below (1-20) Cis-acting B Post-transcriptional modification…

A: Francis Crick proposed central dogma. The RNA is formed from DNA with the help of enzyme RNA…

Q: Why would a mutation in a somatic cell of a multicellular organism escape detection?

A: Mutations that likely occurred in a somatic cell are not supposed to be transferred to its next…

Q: ATM is a kinase that phosphorylates histone H2AX in response to double-stranded DNA breaks. Which of…

A: ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated) is a protein kinase that plays a critical role in the cellular…

Q: For the mutations described below, categorize them in each of the following ways: [transition,…

A: Understanding the nature of mutations is crucial in comprehending their effects on organisms and…

Q: Why can it be said that transcription of thebacteriophage T7 genome requires two enzymes?

A: T7 bacteriophage is a small phage which consists of double stranded DNA with 40 kbp nucleotide. The…

Q: A researcher found that a single point mutation in the genome of the SARS-CoV-2 virus resulted in a…

A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have an amino group and a carboxyl group linked to the same carbon…

Q: Is the Degradation of Xrn1 in poliovirus-infected cells an example of virus-encoded molecules…

A: The objective of the question is to understand whether the degradation of Xrn1 in…

Q: Discuss the genetic switch that controls the lytic versus lysogenic path in bacteriophage lambda.

A: Gene regulatory network that shows bistable behavior is known as genetic switches. It is studied…

Q: Coronavirus from bats to animals, sequence comparison: Note: dots mean amino acid is the same as the…

A: Approach to solving the question: Detailed explanation: Question 1: To answer this question, we need…

Q: Figure 5 shows the lac operon structure in Escherichia coli.   a) Name structures P, Q and R. b)…

A: Lac operon  Lac operon or lactose operon l is a group of gene that is code for transportation and…

Q: Shown is part of the coding strand of the HBB gene involved in sickle cell disease. What will be the…

A: The protein is synthesized by the process of translation. It takes place in the cytoplasm of the…

Q: The carboxy terminus of the p53 protein acts as an allosteric regulator of sequence-specific DNA…

A: General structure of p53 protein

Q: Does it need active form or inactive form of the repressor ? 3) What is role of RNA polymerase,…

A: An operon is defined as the collection of coordinately regulated genes . Q2Ans:In a negative control…

Q: A microbial geneticist isolates a new mutation in E. coliand wishes to map its chromosomal location.…

A: A mutation is a sudden change in the DNA sequence. Mutations can result from mistakes during DNA…

Q: One of the main lessons of this chapter is that severalbacterial genes are often transcribed from a…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: Given this viral mRNA, which model represents the correct (+)ssRNA genome from which it was made?…

A: mRNA or messenger RNA contains genetic codons that is being translated into polypeptide chain during…

Q: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an…

A: A virus is submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates inside the living cell.  Different…

Q: For transcription to occur, the promotor region of DNA will

A: Transcription Transcription is the process of synthesis of mRNA strand from DNA strand. In the…

Q: Trp operon of E. coli is an inducible sytem since it turns on in the presence of tryptophan. In most…

A: DNA codes for proteins, which occur in three stages: replication, transcription, and translation.…

Q: Transduction is sometimes described as a mistake in the bacteriophage reproductive cycle. Explain…

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: Many viruses that infect eukaryotic cells express genes that alterthe regulation of host gene…

A: Many viruses that infect eukaryotic cells express genes that encode proteins that alter the…

Q: Question 1 (1 point) Which statement(s) about the lac operon in E. coli is correct? O A) It is an…

A: The lac operon in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a well-known example of gene regulation in bacteria.…

Q: You are working with a bacterial lysogen and have decided to induce lysis. What needs to happen for…

A: Viruses are an obligate intracellular parasites. Some viruses are temperate phages that have to…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.