Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Transcribed Image Text:The table below details the amino acid requirements for various conditions, specifically examining the presence of lysine (+lys) and tryptophan (+trp) in UMM (Unspecified Minimal Medium). The rows indicate different combinations of these conditions and their association with specific amino acid requirements. The checkmarks (✓) denote the presence of a particular condition.
| UMM+lys | UMM+trp | Amino acid requirement |
|---------|---------|------------------------|
| - | + | Histidine (✓) |
| - | + | Lysine (✓) |
| + | + | Tryptophan (✓) |
| - | + | Histidine (✓) |
| + | + | Tryptophan (✓) |
| - | + | Histidine (✓) |
| + | + | None (✓) |
### Explanation:
- The first column (UMM+lys) indicates whether lysine is included in the minimal medium (✓: present, - : absent).
- The second column (UMM+trp) indicates whether tryptophan is included in the minimal medium (✓: present, - : absent).
- The third column lists the required amino acids under the specified conditions (Histidine, Lysine, Tryptophan, or None).
The table implies the necessity of various amino acids under different conditions in a given biological or experimental context.
Transcribed Image Text:### Experiment Analysis: Growth of Inoculum Under Various Conditions
**Overview:**
In this experiment, the growth of an inoculum was observed under different nutritional conditions. The chart below presents the results, focusing on the different spots where the inoculum was plated.
**Key:**
- **Light Tan**: Represents spots where the inoculum was plated but showed no growth.
- **Dark Tan**: Represents spots where the inoculum was plated and showed growth.
**Data Presentation:**
Five different conditions were tested: Rich medium, UMM, UMM supplemented with histidine, UMM supplemented with lysine, and UMM supplemented with tryptophan. Each condition is represented by a circular grid, each spot on the grid representing a plated inoculum.
**Conditions and Observed Growth:**
1. **Rich Medium:**
- Light Tan spots: 5 (showed no growth)
- Dark Tan spots: 4 (showed growth)
2. **UMM (Unsupplemented Minimal Medium):**
- Light Tan spots: 8 (showed no growth)
- Dark Tan spots: 1 (showed growth)
3. **UMM + Histidine:**
- Light Tan spots: 3 (showed no growth)
- Dark Tan spots: 6 (showed growth)
4. **UMM + Lysine:**
- Light Tan spots: 5 (showed no growth)
- Dark Tan spots: 4 (showed growth)
5. **UMM + Tryptophan:**
- Light Tan spots: 4 (showed no growth)
- Dark Tan spots: 5 (showed growth)
**Conclusion:**
- The Rich Medium supports almost equal growth across the inoculated spots, indicating ample nutrients for the inoculum.
- UMM alone provided limited growth, signifying that essential nutrients were lacking.
- The addition of histidine or tryptophan considerably increased the growth, indicating that these nutrients are essential for the inoculum's proliferation.
- The presence of lysine also facilitated growth but to a lesser extent compared to histidine and tryptophan.
These observations can help in understanding the nutritional needs for the growth of specific microorganisms and can aid in designing more effective growth media for laboratory experiments.
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