Multiple 3′ cleavage sites result in a. multiple genes of different lengths. b. multiple pre-mRNAs of different lengths. c. multiple mRNAs of different lengths. d. All of the above

If a mutation occurred in a control element sequence associated with a particular gene, which of the following would be a likely consequence of this? A. This mutation is not likely to affect the expression of the associated gene, because RNA polymerase does not bind to control elements. B. This will likely affect the expression of the associated gene because it will loosen the coiling of chromatin at this site. C. The expression of the associated gene will be affected because this change will result in a nonsense mutation. D. This mutation is not likely to affect the expression of the associated gene, since control elements are noncoding sequences. E. The associated gene's expression would likely be affected, since this mutation would change the ability of at least one transcription factor to bind.

Cystic fibrosis is a life-threatening disease that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in areas of the body, including the lungs. Scientists are studying CFTR, the gene associated with cystic fibrosis in humans. In the majority of cystic fibrosis patients, the same mutation is seen in the same location on the CFTR geně. A partial DNA sequence, a partial MRNA transcript, and part of the normal polypetide that the makes up the CFTR protein that the CFTR gene codes for are shown in the diagram below. DNA 3 MRNA 5 AUC Polypeptide A partial DNA sequence, a partial MRNA transcript, and part of the CFTR polypeptide in a cystic fibrosis patient are shown in the diagram below. DNA 3 CACAA MRNA 5 Polypeptide Gly A Describe the change in the DNA sequence, the effect on the MRNA, and the effect on the polypeptide. B. Is this a "true" frameshift mutation? Why or why not? C. Would a single base insertion at the beginning of the gene have a larger or smaller effect on the resulting polypeptide…

In considering the 7 levels of gene regulation, which of the following mechanisms acts at first level? a. repressor binding to sequence blocking the promoter b. miRNA silencing c. differential processing of RNA d. protein modification e. answer may vary depending if this occurs in a prokaryote or a eukaryote