mRNA maturation in eukaryotes includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. Topoisomerase activity B. Endonuclease C. 5’ 7’methylguanosine D. Polyadenylation E. snRNP function
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Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
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- During the processing of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes Select one: a. Exons are joined together using polyadenylate polymerase b. The spliceosome breaks covalent bonds at 5' and 3' splice sites c. A 5'methyl cytosine cap is added using specific enzyme d. A 3'-poly-A tail is attached using an unusual 5'-5 ester linkageA principle function of 5' and 3' end modifications of eukaryotic mRNA is: a. to ensure that all nucleotides are phosphorylated b. to protect RNA from nucleolytic degradation c. to guide the removal of introns d. to serve as binding sites for translation release factors29. pre-MRNA transcript 5' 3' Open boxes represent introns Filled boxes represent exons A) Draw the MRNA to be translated if the pre-mRNA is constitutively spliced. S B) Draw an mRNA to be translated if the pre-MRNA is alternatively spliced due to exon skipping.
- Draw a typical eukaryotic gene and the pre-mRNA and mRNA derived from it. Assume that the gene contains three exons. Identify the following items and, for each item, give a brief description of its function: a. 5′ untranslated region b. Promoter c. AAUAAA consensus sequence d. Transcription start site e. 3′ untranslated region f. Introns g. Exons h. Poly(A) tail i. 5′ capComplete each of the following statements by selecting from the bank of terms below. a. tRNA b. spontaneous c. repressible d. RNA processing e. mutagen f. SNRNA g. redundancy h. universal i. promoter j. elongation There are several three nucleotide codons that code for the same amino acid. This is known as (81). A specific three nucleotide codon for a fruit fly codes for the same amino acid as that same specific three nucleotide codon for a human. This means that the genetic code is (82). The three steps of transcription are initiation, (83), and termination. The (84) region on a chromosome is the sequence of nucleotides in DNA that indicates where the RNA polymerase complex should bind to initiate transcription. In a eukaryotic cell mRNA is modified in three ways. This is known as (85). The role of (86) is to combine with protein and then bind to introns to remove them and splice the RNA together. The role of (87) is to transport amino acids to the ribosome where the anticodon loop…All of the following apply to tRNAs EXCEPT: (more than one may apply) A. attach amino acids at the 5’ end B. have stems and loops C. are all encoded by a single gene D. an anti-codon of 5’AAC3’ corresponds to a codon of 3’UUG5’ E. exhibit distinctive 3D folds F. are acted on by 64 different aminoacyl synthetases G. are charged with amino acids by peptidyl transferase
- (a) Match the following list of RNAS (left side) with their function(s) (right side). w. MRNA X. rRNA y. snoRNA Z. snRNA aa, †RNA bb. scaRNA i. block translation of elected mRNAs ii. modification and processing of rRNA iii. modification of snoRNA and snRNA iv. components of ribosome v. spilicing of RNA transcripts vi. directs degradation of selected mRNAs vii. codes for proteins viii. adaptor for protein synthesis cc. miRNA dd. SİRNANascent form of the MRNA A. undergoes splicing only after capping B. is also called hnRNA C. is polyadenylated after splicing D. participates in the spliceosome assembly for splicing E. joins snRNPs to form the spliceosome assembly A A, B, D, E only (в) А, В, С only с) А, В, С, D, E (D) B, C, D, E onlyWhich of the following statements below is incorrect? * A. the genetic code is overlapping B. the genetic code is universal C. degenerate codon specify the same amino acids D. the genetic code is triplet Which protein can break covalent bond? * A. Helicase B. Primase C. SSB D. DNA gyrase What is the complementary hnRNA base sequence produced from the DNA base sequence 5' C-T-A-T-A-C 3'? * A. 3' C-A-T-A-T-C 5' B. 3' G-A-T-A-T-G 5' C. 3' G-A-U-A- U-G 5' D. 3' C-U-A-U-A-G 5' Which of the following statements concerning the " cloverleaf" shape of tRNA molecules is correct? * A. four hairpin loops are present B. three hairpin loops and one open end are present C. two hairpin loops and two open ends are present…
- 17) Which mRNA modification is likely absent if the mRNA is degrading prematurely from the 5’ end of the mRNA? A) addition of the 3’ polyadenylated tail B( splicing together if exons C removal of introns D RNA editing E addition of the 7- methlgguanosine cap to the 5’ end Consider the following gene with their respective introns and exons 5’ – TCATGCATTTTGCGCGGGAAATAGCTCA – 3’ 3’ – AGTACGTAAAACGCGCCCTTTATCGAGT – 5’ Using the bottom as a template strand, create: A. A primary mRNA transcript B. A processed mRNA transcriptC. Highlight where your START and STOP codons are in your processed transcript (if there are any). D. The resulting protein sequenceConsider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides: 5’ – CUU AAA CCA GUU – 3’ a. What is the template DNA sequence that was used to synthesize this portion of mRNA? b. What is the amino acid order produced from this mRNA? c. Write the amino acid sequence if a mutation changes CUU to CAU. Is this likely to affect protein function?