Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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- Type I diabetes is caused by destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas, the cells that produce insulin. In most cases, the beta cells are destroyed by an immune response. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in triggering the immune response. NOD mice develop a disease very much like Type I diabetes. (NOD mouse = non-obese, diabetic, mouse). If you transfer plasma from a NOD mouse to a normal mouse, the normal is not affected. If you transfer lymphocytes (WBCs white blood cells) from a NOD mouse, the normal mouse develops diabetes. The first people to figure this out found they had to transfer two types of WBC to transfer diabetes. After some experiments, they found that under the right conditions, they only had to transfer one type of cell to cause diabetes in the recipient. B-1. Consider the one type of WBC that can cause diabetes by itself. Which type is it likely to be? (B cells) (helper T cells) (cytotoxic T cells) (either type of T cell) (any of these)…arrow_forwardEndurance athletes sometimes try an illegal method of blood doping called autologous transfusion. Some blood from the athlete is removed well before competition, and then transfused back into the athlete just before competition. (a) Why might blood transfusion benefit the athlete? (b) With time, stored red blood cells become depleted in 2,3-BPG. What might be the consequences of using such blood for a blood transfusion?arrow_forwardCompression sleeves or socks are used to help reduce swelling in individuals who have problems with lymphatic flow. This increases the hydrostatic pressure on the interstitial fluid. How would this reduce swelling? Describe the effects on the lymphatic, cardiovascular and renal systems. How would the endocrine system would respond to these changes?arrow_forward
- platelets globulins fibrinogen erythrocytes leukocytes connective plasma fibrinogen coagulation albumin men women formed elements Blood is a tissue that consists of formed elements and an extracellular matrix called The formed elements include red and white blood cells, and cell fragments called Plasma: The fibers of the extracellular matrix are actually fiber precursor molecules called Plasma consists of water, protein, nutrients, electrolytes, wastes, hormones, and gases. Plasma contains a multitude of proteins. However, three proteins predominate. contributes towards blood viscosity and helps transport lipophilic substances in the blood. , otherwise known as antibodies, help combat specific pathogens. Finally, upon activation, fibrinogen forms fibers during the process of are cells and cell fragments found in the blood. serve to transport gases in the blood. are blood cells of the immune system that combat pathogens. are cell fragments that assist in the process of blood clot…arrow_forwardXena eventually catches Callisto (remember, she is 25 years old). Salmoneus, who is 60 years old, agrees to deliver Callisto to face charges for war crimes. On the way, their cart crashes down a ravine. Salmoneus has lost a lot of blood. Xena inserts a tube that allows her to transfer her blood to him. Xena is A positive and Salmoneus is O positive. Discuss if this transfusion is expected to be successful and justify your answer. Describe the expected consequences of this transfusion attempt on Salmoneus’s red blood cells.arrow_forwardBone-marrow transplantations are often conducted without touching the bone-marrow. Instead, stem cells from peripheral blood of the donor are injected into the vein of the recipient. How can this be called bone-marrow transplantation? What type of stem cells is transferred? By what process do the stem cells get to the bone marrow?arrow_forward
- If you were in a major accident and needed a large blood transfusion, why is type AB the best to have, in terms of being able to accept the widest range of donated cells?arrow_forwardBone marrow is a soft, spongy, connective tissue found inside bones. Bone marrow contains stem cells, which can generate new blood cells and, therefore, can treat many diseases of the blood. In the past, extracting bone marrow from a donor required anesthesia and a long, large needle. The process often discouraged people from signing up to be donors. A process called apheresis has made the process much less painful and invasive. In apheresis, the donor's blood passes through a sterile line into the machine. Once the blood is inside the machine, the bone marrow stem cells are extracted, and the remaining blood is returned to the donor. Donors typically only experience minor discomfort from the needles used and the loss of electrolytes. Describe how you think this advance in biotechnology will affect individuals and society. Be sure to include any potential medical or ethical issues that could arise from this new practice.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes blood plasma? Group of answer choices found inbetween the cells, not in them, so called intracellular found in vessels, not cells, so it is a type of extracellular fluid found between vessels, not in them, so thought of as extracellular found within the cells, not outside, so normally called interstitial The sodium-potassium pump balances intracellular and extracellular ions by: Group of answer choices the use of ionic pressure active transport of ions creating osmotic pressure employing hydrostatic pressure What force drives fluid into lymphatic capillaries? Group of answer choices colloidal osmotic pressure hydrostatic pressure active transport of fluids diffusion of waterarrow_forward
- Glucose moves across capillary walls by: simple diffusion facilitated diffusion primary active transport secondary active transport Both C and Darrow_forwardA patient is rushed to the emergency room and has suffered severe blood loss. Type AB blood is in short supply, but the nurse says “Don’t worry, he’s type AB positive. We can give him any kind of blood.” Explain. (Why is type AB called the universal recipient?)arrow_forwardYou are working with different tissues in lab, unfortunately you forgot to label them and your friend wants to borrow your slide containing liver tissue. Based on your knowledge of the liver and these descriptions of different slides which is most likely to be liver tissue? A slide with densely packed cells and canals for blood flow. A slide with many red blood cells and a few white blood cells of various types. A slide with densely packed white blood cells. A slide with multinucleate striated cells, parallel with one another. A slide with many neurons, connected together in an elaborate web.arrow_forward
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