Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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**Perspiration**, known more commonly as **sweating**, is an autonomic bodily response that decreases body temperature. During perspiration, the skin will secrete sweat that will thermoregulate body tissues in certain conditions. Evaporation of sweat from the skin surface has a cooling effect due to evaporative cooling. In addition, the blood vessels will increase in diameter via a process called **vasodilation**, which will bring them closer to the skin and allow heat to more easily dissipate from the body.

**Diagram of Thermoregulation in the Human Body:**

1. **Increased body temperature identified by central receptors**
   - The process begins when the body detects an increase in temperature.

2. **Hypothalamus receives input and activates SNS response**
   - The hypothalamus, a part of the brain, receives this information and activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) response.

3. **Vasodilation of peripheral vessels and skin arterioles to transfer more heat to the skin surface**
   - Blood vessels near the skin expand (vasodilate) to allow more blood flow and facilitate heat transfer to the skin.

4. **Activation of sweat glands to begin sweating**
   - Sweat glands are activated to release sweat onto the skin's surface.

5. **Heat leaves the body and body temperature lowers**
   - As sweat evaporates, it cools the body, lowering the temperature.

**Tasks:**

(a) **Identify** the type of feedback loop presented in the diagram. **Justify** your response.

(b) **Identify** the effect of the inhibition of vasodilation on sweating.

Respond to each part in **2 to 3 complete sentences.**
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Transcribed Image Text:**Perspiration**, known more commonly as **sweating**, is an autonomic bodily response that decreases body temperature. During perspiration, the skin will secrete sweat that will thermoregulate body tissues in certain conditions. Evaporation of sweat from the skin surface has a cooling effect due to evaporative cooling. In addition, the blood vessels will increase in diameter via a process called **vasodilation**, which will bring them closer to the skin and allow heat to more easily dissipate from the body. **Diagram of Thermoregulation in the Human Body:** 1. **Increased body temperature identified by central receptors** - The process begins when the body detects an increase in temperature. 2. **Hypothalamus receives input and activates SNS response** - The hypothalamus, a part of the brain, receives this information and activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) response. 3. **Vasodilation of peripheral vessels and skin arterioles to transfer more heat to the skin surface** - Blood vessels near the skin expand (vasodilate) to allow more blood flow and facilitate heat transfer to the skin. 4. **Activation of sweat glands to begin sweating** - Sweat glands are activated to release sweat onto the skin's surface. 5. **Heat leaves the body and body temperature lowers** - As sweat evaporates, it cools the body, lowering the temperature. **Tasks:** (a) **Identify** the type of feedback loop presented in the diagram. **Justify** your response. (b) **Identify** the effect of the inhibition of vasodilation on sweating. Respond to each part in **2 to 3 complete sentences.**
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