Most medically useful antibiotics interfere with either peptidogly¬can synthesis or ribosome function. Why would the cytoplasmic membrane be a poor target for antibacterial medications?

Broad-spectrum drugs target a wide variety of bacterial pathogens. Even when the broad-spectrum drug is capable of killing a target pathogen, it may not be the best treatment. Which statement best explains why a broad spectrum drug might be an undesirable treatment choice?   Broad-spectrum antimicrobials are usually toxic to the host cells. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials only work if they are used shortly after the infection begins. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials may kill much of the normal microbiota. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials are not able to kill bacteria that are in their log phase of growth. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials may stimulate excess growth of the normal microbiota.

The commonly prescribed antibiotic Clindamycin blocks the peptide bond formation between amino acids during protein synthesis. This would happen during     A) transformation.     B) translation.     C) transcription.     D) replication.     E) mitosis.

Explain how bacteria can become resistant to ampicillin. Be sure to mention the following terms: peptidoglycan, beta lactamase, transpeptidase, beta lactam.