Q: Is it important to have fewer phages than bacterial host cells when doing a quantitative plaque…
A: A virus is an infective agent, which is sub-microscopic in nature. It has the capability of…
Q: Some viral detection techniques involve a serological assay. This assay looks for the presence of…
A: The viruses are infectious agents, which are capable of infecting the cells and cause diseases. The…
Q: Why do critical instruments need to be sterile, whereas semicritical instruments need only be free…
A: Laboratory instrument is defined as a general term used for all kinds and types of instruments,…
Q: Explain in detail the different methods of viral inoculation.
A: Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that depend on the host for their survival. For their…
Q: What are the techniques of prepared vaccines targetting Different types of viruses? explain at your…
A: What is a vaccine? A vaccine is a product that stimulates a person's immune response to…
Q: Explain how to determine the number of plaque-forming units in a virus sample?
A: There are viruses that infect the bacteria, called bacteriophages. The presence of such viruses can…
Q: Explain the steps of preparing a cell culture stock from a T25 flask.
A: Cell culture is the specialized process used in molecular biology to remove cells from plants and/or…
Q: Why is Clostridium difficile a good target pathogen for a vaccine? (In details, please) thanks!
A: Clostridium difficile infection is a significant local area related sickness. This infection is…
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of an inactivated virus vaccine? Please make a table one…
A: Vaccines form an integral part of the community's well-being by providing the essential needed…
Q: Phage M13 has often been used for Sel
A: Phage M13 has often been used for Phage display Phage display is a technique where the phage genome…
Q: ELISA TEST WOULD PROVIDE ME THE PRESENCE OF ANTIGENS FROM THE INFLUENZA A VIRUS?
A: ELISA or Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay is based on the principle of antigen-antibody…
Q: Can antibiotic kill virus?
A: Antibiotics can't kill virus. Antibiotics are medicines which kill bacterial infection.
Q: How does PC help in the identification of the virus from patients?
A: Viruses are microscopic entities that are neither dead nor alive. They may contain DNA or RNA as…
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of an inactivated virus vaccine?
A: Vaccines are used to prevent infectious diseases. There are vaccines available for various diseases…
Q: Should the DNA sequence encoding human pathogens be freely available online? and Why?
A: DNA sequencing is technique which helps in identification of exact sequence of bases (A,C,G and T)…
Q: Explain the key method for detecting bacteria and viruses (suchas hepatitis or HIV) in humans ?
A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an…
Q: Transformation of mammalian cells with viruses and obtaining mammalian cells harboring the virus is…
A: Viral transformation refers to the alteration in the phenotype, growth, and indefinite reproduction…
Q: Picture below shows the Hershey and Chase experiment. Identify where viral protein and viral DNA…
A: In their famous 1952 experiment, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase used radioactive sulphur and…
Q: Vivid outline and Standard operating procedure of Virus neutralization test.
A: Answer: VIRUS NEUTRALIZATION TEST is a branch of immunology where the effect of virus is reduced by…
Q: Assaying virus concentration requires healthy cell cultures. Give possible reasons to account for…
A: Cell cultures are more convenient and less expensive than eggs and animals, are convenient to…
Q: Why is it difficult to develop a universal flu vaccine?
A: A universal flu vaccine refers to the type of vaccine that will be functional against all kinds of…
Q: Explain the main defects of using animal models for viral growth and cultivation.
A: Viruses are highly infectious organisms that cannot be cultivated in non-living culture media. They…
Q: Acyclovir can be used to treated virus-infected cells. Explain how?
A: Acyclovir is an antiviral medication which is primarily used for the treatment of viral disesases…
Q: State the differences between the plasmid in Figure 1 with pBR322 in terms of their sercening…
A: According to the question, we have to state the differences between the plasmid in figure 1 with…
Q: A phage-infected bacterial culture was subjected to a series ofdilutions, and a plaque assay was…
A: Plaque assay is a method for the determination of the presence and number of bacteriophages.…
Q: 2 3 1. zuz zuz Enz
A: ELISA stands for Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbant Assay. Elisa is the test which is used to measure the…
Q: Why is there an inverse relationship between the dilution factor and the amount of virus in…
A: The dilution factor is the calculation of how much a new solution is less concentrated than the…
Q: What technique must be used to visualize a virus?
A: Viruses are an acellular parasite that are not able to reproduce on their own. It is not considered…
Q: Which of the following methods can be applied to detect the infectious virus Immuno-electron…
A: 1. Immuno-electron microscopy- it is used for localising the molecules at the ultrastructural level…
Q: What is the purpose of combining capsule polysaccharide molecules with toxoid proteins in a…
A: A conjugate vaccine is a substance that is composed of a polysaccharide antigen fused (conjugated)…
Q: Can you visualize and study the morphology of the viruses using simple techniques such as wet…
A: Morphology of viruses: They are of different shapes like filamentous, enveloped, isometric, and…
Q: Among these protein assays, which is appropriate for solutions with high protein concentration or…
A: Protein assay is a quantitative analytical technique. It is carried out to determine the amount of…
Q: Give an example of a viral diagnostic method that detects viral nucleic acid and one that detects…
A: Viral diagnostic method used to detect viral nucleic acid especially is called Nucleic Acid…
Q: Why is the detection of viral RNA not equivalent to a high risk transmission method?
A: The detection of the viral RNA, detection of infectious virus and equivalent transmission risk are…
Q: Discuss in detail, how you would produce recombinant protein subunit vaccines for Influenza virus.
A: Recombinant protein vaccines, which are also known as recombinant subunit vaccines, are designed…
Q: What are the important differences among a recombinant liveattenuated vaccine, a vector vaccine, and…
A: Vaccination is the process of inoculating an individual with antigenic particles, which can elicit…
Q: transmission electron micrographs during viral infection cycles of both in vitro and in vivo…
A: Electron micrographs are obtained with the help of electron transmission microscope. It helps in the…
Q: What is a recombinant DNA vaccine?Give two examples.
A: Vaccines are either attenuated or dead agents of disease which when administered into a healthy…
Q: Please write the Drug Discovery process of Losartan? Please write at your own words.
A: Losartan is a antihypertensive drug which was the first angiotensin II receptor antagonist. The…
Q: What is the advantage of a DNA vaccine over all the other types of vaccine ?
A: DNA vaccination has shown significant promise since its start. In terms of effectiveness, safety,…
Q: Does the plasmid integrate into host genome when the AAV is introduced to patient? Explain
A: Plasmid known as an autonomously, circular and self-replicating molecules whose vectors have been…
Q: All of the following are uses for pure or nearly pure isolates of viral structural and nonstructural…
A: Protein are used for structures • ACTIN These prteins provided structure and support for cells. On a…
Q: Can hand sanitizer kill viruses?
A: The virus can be defined as the submicroscopic infectious agent that can replicate only inside the…
Q: how virus quantification is carried out using qPCR?
A: PCR is currently a widespread and frequently critical technology used in medical and biological labs…
Q: Which of the following is NOT a feature associated with filtration? sterilization of…
A: Filtration is a process in which the smaller or liquidy substances can be removed from the larger…
Q: Which of the following antivirals blocks WBCs surfaces to which HIV should be bounded? a. Maraviroc…
A: The virus that attacks the body's immune system is known as human immunodeficiency virus. The Human…
Q: Why is it easier to target a single mutant versus multiple mutants in the virus?
A: Viruses are ceaselessly changing because of hereditary determination. They go through hereditary…
Molecular based methods for viral detection use proteins as the analyte.
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Solved in 3 steps
- Give three reasons why liposomes/nanoparticles are attractive drug delivery system for recombinant protein preparations?With detail, compare and contrast the following 5 real-time assays; Taqman, SYBR Green, Molecular Beacon, FRET, and Scorpion. Please write complete sentences in paragraph form. Identify how the assays are similar but more importantly, what are the distinguishing features of each of the technologies.Which of the following is TRUE when one assay bacteriophage titers? You should: a) first mix the phages with a live bacterial culture and then pour the mixture on the agar plate b) directly add the phage dilution onto the surface of an agar plate c) add tryptic soy broth to the phage dilution and incubate overnight d) incubate a phage solution with live bacterial cells for several minutes. You must add soft agar to the mixture before pouring the content on the agar plate
- AGAROSE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS PRELAB ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS 1. Type of nucleotide is one of the factors that influence electrophoretic mobility. a) True b) False 2. Electrophoresis is used for DNA separation and not proteins. a) True b) False 3. DNA Polymerase is an enzyme to cut DNA into fragments for electrophoresis. a)True b)False 4. Electrophoresis apparatus consists of Gel buffer, chamber and DNA separator. a) True b) False 5. During electrophoresis, DNA fragments collect at the Cathode. a) True b) FalseGive typed full explanation Antibiotic sensitivity.What is relationship to ellipse size and sensitivity for an E-Test?what are some advantages to using latex particles instead of blood cells for IM assay?
- Which of the following are true regarding assay attributes? List all that are true. a) Accuracy represents the closeness of the assay result to the “true value”. b) Robustness represents the ability of a method to distinguish between the analyte and similar components. c) Precision is determined by replicate analysis of a reference standard or well-characterized material. d) A robust assay would have a very narrow range of acceptable assay conditions. For those that were not true in question 1, correct the statement(s).Explain: Describe an electrochemical sensor assay method for rapid bacterial detection and identification. What are the principles and mechanisms involved? functionalization of a sensor array with DNA oligonucleotide capture probes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) species-specific sequences. sandwich hybridization of target rRNA with the capture probe and a horseradish peroxidase linked DNA oligonucleotide detector probe. Explain how bacteria are being detected using an electrochemical sensorResults from a Kirby Bauer antibiotic assay on a Gram-negative bacterial culture are described as follows: A) the bacterium is resistant to penicillin, an antibiotic that targets synthesis of the peptidoglycan cell wall and B) the bacterium is resistant to tetracycline, an antibiotic that targets the small subunit of the ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis. Which of the results represents intrinsic resistant and which represents acquired resistants?
- Biochemistry techniques: a) Name and briefly describe the ELISA assay with greater sensitivity for detection of the viral infection. Focus on antigens and antibodies. Justify your reasoning. B) Consider a mixture of four proteins with various molecular weights. A histone molecule weighs 15 kDa, a p53 molecule weighs 53 kDa, an actin molecule weighs 42 kDa, and an IgG molecule weighs 150 kDa, Arrange the molecules in order of their elution from a gel filtration column. Elutes first (A) to elute last (D) arrangement below: A) B) C) D) Explain your reasoning . Instructor C). What characteristics determine the position of a protein at the end of isoelectric focusing of 2D SDS- PAGE?Give an example of a viral diagnostic method that detects viral nucleic acid and one that detects viral protein with explanationConsidering counting rules, calculate the initial titre of the sample viral stock if the following plaques were counted in a plaque assay. Show clear sample calculations. Table 1: Plaque assay counts for lambda phage stock titre enumeration of average concentration (PFU/mL) Total dilution of viral stock 1/13500000 1/135000000 1/135000000 plated Volume diluted viral stock 0.1 0.1 0.1 plated (mL) PFU replicate 1 TNTC 275 25 Calculated concentration (PFU/mL) replicate 1 PFU replicate 2 TNTC 239 23 Calculated concentration (PFU/mL) replicate 2 Average concentration (PFU/mL)