Explain how to determine the number of plaque-forming units in a virus sample?

Q: why do baceria and viruses make good model systems for various genetic studies?

A: Genetics is known to be the division of biology, which is concerned with the study of genes. Gene is…

Q: Define transfection.

A: A mutation is a change or alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of any organism.…

Q: How might a bacteriophage be used to treat bacterial infections in humans?

A: INTRODUCTION Bacteriophages These are the viruses that kills bacteria.

Q: Search the protein data bank (https://www.rcsb.org/)and find an image of one protein that is found…

A: The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the infectious disease known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A group of…

Q: Compared with cells, what is unusual about viral genomes?

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious particle that replicates only inside the living cells of an…

Q: As a general rule, viruses are not considered to be alive based on several reasons. One such reason…

A: Viruses are small, microscopic organisms that contain either RNA or DNA as their genetic material.…

Q: To study the interaction between viral proteins and Z-DNA, how could Z-DNA-forming DNA be…

A: Human cells can protect themselves from variola virus by activating the genes that encodes the…

Q: 86. A newly discovered infectious agent is found to have genetic material with the following base…

A: Given base composition of the newly discovered infectious agent -  Adenine - 23% Cytosine - 26%…

Q: Discuss the principles behind the use of the following techniques in the diagnosis of viral…

A: A viral infection is a type of infection caused by a virus, which is a small infectious agent that…

Q: What is meant by the term emerging virus?

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside the host cells. They can infect all…

Q: Explain what must be done to identify RNA viruses using genetictechniques.

A: Viruses are a nucleoprotein entity which is able to utilize the synthetic machinery of a living cell…

Q: Where(location) a bacteriophage and animal virus attach?

A: A bacteriophage, also known as a phage, is a type of virus that infects bacteria. The bacteriophage…

Q: How does a transducing particle differ from an infectiousbacteriophage?

A: Bacteriophages are beneficial viruses that infect bacterial cells and lysed them or killed them.…

Q: Determine an easier method to detect the gene encoding for a specific toxin.

A: Introduction Toxins are poisonous substances that are produced by living cells as a part of their…

Q: How many millions of bases are in the genome of the mimivirus or largest virus known?

A: In the family Mimiviridae, the genus Mimivirus contains enormous viruses. Their native hosts are…

Q: If a virus particle contained double-stranded B-DNA of 500,000 base pairs, what would be the radius…

A: There are 10 basepair per turn of the helical DNA so the helix rises by 34 A° per turn.

Q: Define the concept superinfection. Give an example.

A: Antimicrobial medications are chemical compounds that either naturally or artificially inhibit or…

Q: Compare and contrast bacteriophage plaques with bacterial colonies.

A: A phage is consists of protein capsid and nucleic acid. A protein sheat that is contractile and…

Q: Why is it necessary for some ssDNA viruses to manufacture a replicative form?

A: A gene is the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are comprised of DNA…

Q: Assume you isolate a single stranded (+) RNA virus. When you examine the proteins in the virus, you…

A: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase  or RNA polymerase or replicase  is an enzyme that catalyzes the…

Q: Explain why a deletion can potentially have a greater efect on an organism than a duplication.

A: A mutation is the process of alteration of the DNA sequence which can be harmful because it affects…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a feature of genetic reassortment? A)  a host cell is coinfected with…

A: Genetic reassortment is the changes in the genome of the virus that affect the host. This helps in…

Q: Viruses are host-specific, meaning they can only infect specific types of host organisms. For…

A: Viruses are acellular organisms. They become active once they enter inside an organism and can…

Q: what is an alternative method of solving the covid-19 disease from spreading from one person to…

A: Covid-19 is a respiratory system-based illness caused by a coronavirus. This virus has a very high…

Q: What approach can be used to enumerate the virus MNV-1 (murine norovirus) if you want to test a…

A: Murine norovirus (MNV-1): It is a virus that infects the mouse. This virus first came into…

Q: Should the DNA sequence encoding human pathogens be freely available online? and Why?

A: DNA sequencing is technique which helps in identification of exact sequence of bases (A,C,G and T)…

Q: a typical eukarytic cell has a diameter of 50 microns while a corona virus particles has a diameter…

A: Given that the diameter of a typical eukaryotic cell = 50 microns the diameter of a coronavirus…

Q: Chemical composition analysis of a viral genome showed 22.1% A, 27.9% C, 27.9% G, and 22.1% U. Based…

A: Given base composition is: Adenine = 22.1% Cytosine = 27.9% Guanine = 27.9% Thymine = 22.1 %

Q: What is the significance of the length of a typical viral genome?

A: A virus refers to an infectious particle which can infect a variety of host including humans,…

Q: What is an emerging virus? Give two examples. Propose an experiment to explain how an emerging virus…

A: Viruses are the sub-microscopic pathogens that behave as a pathogen only when it is inside some host…

Q: Describe how a plaque assay is used to detect and estimate the numbers of phage particles.

A: Plaque is a term used in microbiology for a clear zone on a bacterial culture plate that indicates…

Q: What is commonly used as a vector for introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocytes?

A: Gene therapy is a method that allows the correction of the defective gene. In gene therapy, it is…

Q: What should be the environmental conditions for the fusion proteins of the influenza virus to show…

A: Environmental factors that contribute to influenza epidemics are mostly unclear. There are different…

Q: Download the complete nucleotide sequences of the following 11 isolates of Tomato leaf curl virus,…

A: Answer :- 1) 49 sub-clusters or sub grouping of the ToLCV isolates could be generated. 2) After sub…

Q: Molecular based methods for viral detection use proteins as the analyte. True? False?

A: There are different molecular-based methods for the detection and analysis of virus elements. The…

Q: How many protein subunits would be present in a complex icosahedral virus particle with a…

A: The icosahedral symmetry in viruses are extremely common. The icosahedron consists of 20 triangular…

Q: 1. Which of the following bacterial species is not naturally competent? A) Bacillus subtilis B)…

A: Hi! Thank you for the questions. As you have posted multiple questions, I will be answering the…

Q: Is there a correlation between the speed of a viral infection and its potential mortality rate?…

A: The abnormal conditions that hinder normal body functioning are referred to as a disease. The…

Virus

Viruses are infectious microscopic agents that can only reproduce in live cells of animals, plants, or microbes and are smaller than bacteria. Vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists, and fungi are among their many hosts. Viruses are unable to multiply on their own due to the lack of necessary cellular machinery, but they can guide the cell machinery of a host to make additional viruses by infection. The virus enters and attaches to a particular host cell, injects its genetic material, and reproduces by using the host’s genetic material. Viruses cause infection by taking entry into the host cell and using the host cell’s enzymes and raw materials to multiply.