Explain how to determine the number of plaque-forming units in a virus sample?

When performing phage typing, how would one know whether that bacterium is killed by any of the bacteriophages?

What defines a virus' host range? Know the multiplication steps (in order) for a virus (both bacteriophage and animal viruses). What happens at each step? What is the major difference between the steps in animal viruses vs. bacteriophages? Describe the lytic and lysogenic cycles of bacteriophage infection. What are the different types of viral genomes possible? What are the differences between entry and exit for enveloped vs naked viruses? o i.e. fusion, endocytosis, budding or exocytosis, lysis/bursting/rupturing, Explain how viruses are cultured. Why would viruses need to be cultured? What is a latent viral infection? What are cytopathic effects (know examples). Know characteristics of viroids and prions. What are they? What kinds of diseases can they cause (know examples for prions) How can viral infections be treated? bp

Given that COVID19 has a single strand RNA for its genome, the number of rounds required to complete  replicating 3 viable virus particles?  a) 3  b) 4  c) 5  d) 6  e) 9

A (+) Sense virus makes a negative sense copy of its genome. Part of the (+) Sense genome has the sequence: 3'-GUGGCAGUA-5'. What is the sequence of the (-) sense copy? O 5'-AUGACGGUG-3' O 5' - CACCGUCAU - 3' O 3'-AUGACGGUG-5' O 5' - UACUGCCAC - 3'

Describe how we can use genetic techniques to identify the presence of viral genetic information in a patient sample.

what are some advantages to using latex particles instead of blood cells for IM assay?

Explain Packaging recombinant DNAs into retrovirus particles?

Why is the detection of viral RNA not equivalent to a high risk transmission method?

Under what circumstances can E. coli cause disease and what delivers the gene/plasmid?