Coronavirus from bats to animals, sequence comparison: Note: dots mean amino acid is the same as the one in the top sequence. Human Virus AGNNPLQTYVIACQDGGERRAAQDMFSAKKGGQTPAYWGC Civet Cat Virus G..... ......K....E.....R. .W. Pangolin Virus GA.Q....W..G....C.L..V.E....Q.. Bat Virus B Bat Virus AG .A.Q....W..G....C.L.. .....K. Y.. .N.G.T.A .2.. .N.G.T.A .R.......Y.. A researcher isolates a coronavirus from humans that they believe came from Bat virus A or Bat virus B. They also think the virus may have first gone through pangolins or civet cats. Shown above is an amino acid sequence comparison in the region of the virus spike protein that binds to the cell receptor. All viruses are compared to the human virus with colored dots indicating the same amino acid at that position and letters representing the amino acid change at the particular position. Answer the questions below using the figure. Question 1 (3 points). Does this data support the idea that the human virus is derived from a bat virus that that first went through one of the animal hosts? Explain briefly. Question 2 (2 points). Based on this information, which virus is the most likely to have been the closest ancestor to the human virus? Explain briefly.

Coronavirus from bats to animals, sequence comparison: Note: dots mean amino acid is the same as the one in the top sequence. Human Virus AGNNPLQTYVIACQDGGERRAAQDMFSAKKGGQTPAYWGC Civet Cat Virus G..... ......K....E.....R. .W. Pangolin Virus GA.Q....W..G....C.L..V.E....Q.. Bat Virus B Bat Virus AG .A.Q....W..G....C.L.. .....K. Y.. .N.G.T.A .2.. .N.G.T.A .R.......Y.. A researcher isolates a coronavirus from humans that they believe came from Bat virus A or Bat virus B. They also think the virus may have first gone through pangolins or civet cats. Shown above is an amino acid sequence comparison in the region of the virus spike protein that binds to the cell receptor. All viruses are compared to the human virus with colored dots indicating the same amino acid at that position and letters representing the amino acid change at the particular position. Answer the questions below using the figure. Question 1 (3 points). Does this data support the idea that the human virus is derived from a bat virus that that first went through one of the animal hosts? Explain briefly. Question 2 (2 points). Based on this information, which virus is the most likely to have been the closest ancestor to the human virus? Explain briefly.

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

14th Edition

ISBN:9781305073951

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter8: Dna Structure And Function

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1DAA: HersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952...

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Pen and Paper Exercise. A new virus was causing a localized epidemic in South Africa, affecting the population living along the Limpopo River Basin. Scientists working on the elucidation of more details about the virus have finally characterized it as a DNA virus (containing DNA as a genetic material and not RNA). Upon sequencing, a short DNA segment, speculated to be the structural gene of the viral genome responsible for viral replication, is shown with the following sequence: DNA sequence: 5'-CTACACTITATCGTTAATCTGCCAGAAGCACCCCTCCAGGTGTCTACTGTATGGTGTCGCCAT -3' A. "Transcribe" and form an RNA transcript based on the DNA sequence. B. If the RNA transcript formed is a messenger RNA, illustrate the amino acid sequence of the resulting polypeptide using the genetic code. *Please follow the proper directionality of both the RNA strand and the polypeptide. Indicate clearly and label correctly the ends of the molecules mentioned. C. What is/are the characteristic feature/s of the resulting…
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Virologists are closely monitoring the evolution of an avian virus that occasionally jump species. This virus is known to adhere to sialic acids on human skin. Sialic acids are a family of nine-carbon sugar compounds that bear significant negative charges. Which of the following mutations in the virus is the most alarming? (A) A deletion of a Lys residue on the viral spike protein. (B) A substitution of a Lys residue by an Asp residue on the viral spike protein. (C) A deletion of an Asp residue on the viral spike protein. (D) A substitution of a Asp residue by a Lys residue on the viral spike protein. Chemically speaking, protonation of the carbonyl oxygen in a peptide bond makes the carbonyl carbon more vulnerable to nucleophilic attacks. Which of the following structures in chymotrypsin implements this strategy? (A) Asp 102 (B) Oxyanion hole (C) Ser 195 (D) His 57
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The FDA finds that chickens across the US are infected with a new type of bird-flu. They determine the sequence coding for the virus's surface proteins and see that some chickens' viruses have code (1) and some chickens' viruses have code (II). (1) 5' CAUGAUAUUGUACUUU 3' (II) 5' GAAUGGAACUGCAACUC 3' nal Translate the partial sequence for type I flu protein. "Be sure to start translation at the start codon! Second letter U C G UUU Phe UUC. UUA UUG FLeu UCU UCC Ser UAU UAC Tyr UGCJoys UAA Stop UGA Stop UAG Stop UGG Trp G UCA UCG CUU CCU CC CA CCG CAU His CACJ Pro CAA1 GIin CAGJ CGU) CGC CUC Leu CUA CGA Arg CGG CUG ACU ACC ACA AUG Met ACG AAU AACJ AAA AAGJ AGU Ser AGC. AUU Asn AUC le Thr AUA AGA Arg Lys AGG. GUU GUC Val G GUA GUG GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU) GGC GAU Asp GAC. Ala GAA) Glu GAGJ GGA Gly GGG O Glu - Trp - Asn - Cys - Asn O Met - Glu - Leu - Gin - Leu O Met - lle - Val - Leu - Gly O Met - lle - Leu - Tyr - Phe O His - Asp - lle - Val - Leu First letter Third letter
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Genome for C. diphtheriae have about 2,500,000 nucleotides, 87% of them are coding. This ingle circular chromosome contains 2,389 genes from which 2,272 proteins are coded. It does not contain any plasmids. The genome contains Pathogenicity Islands (PAIs), which C. diphtheriae has 13. What is a PAI and what are their characteristics?
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