Loss of insulin sensitivity is an example of which aspect of cellular signal transduction? Desensitization Integration Amplification Modularity
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A: signal to be sent down an axon of a nerve cell, an action potential must be generated.
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A: The signal transduction pathway includes signaling molecules that bind to their receptors.
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Q: A
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Q: Which is example of extracellular messenger involved in signal transduction
A: It is the transmission of molecular signals from a cells exterior to the interior .
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Q: Describe ways a cell might terminate a signal pathway.
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A: Q. Describe several specific examples of signaling pathways (celll cell communication)in animals and…
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- Which of the following utilizes receptors that are located in the cytosol? Steroid Hormone Signaling GPCR Singaling Ion channel signaling RTK SingalingHormones are chemical signaling molecules produced by specialized cells and transmitted via the circulatory system to all other cells in the body. Which of the following describes a condition that needs to be met for a target cell to re- ceive the signaling molecules? A B с D The size and shape of the target cell needs to be similar to that of the cell that secreted the hormone. The location of the target cell needs to be within the local region of the cell that secreted the hormone. The target cell needs to have sufficient ATP to transport the hormone into the cell. The cytosol of the target cell has to have receptors that recognize and bind the hormone.Second-messenger systems ultimately bring about the desired cell response by inducing a change in the shape and function of particular designated intracellular proteins. (True or false?)
- Describe what cell signal activation is and how it occursSecond messengers are needed because: Most ligands cannot enter the cell so they help transmit messages to the cell interior They speed up the rate at which cells respond to signals They catalyze transcription and translation They provide energy for signal transductionWhat is the main benefit of cell signaling via direct physical contact and cell signaling over short distqnces (ex.: nerve cell signaling)?
- The step(s) involved in cell signaling are: Signaling cell synthesizes and secretes a signaling molecule The signaling molecule binds to a receptor of the target cell O Extracellular signal is converted into O intracellular signal followed by the response All of the aboveIf a cell wants to directly affect transcription of genes by utilizing cell signaling which of the following molecules would a cell use in order to do this? O polar / charged signaling molecules steroid signaling molecules O protein signaling molecules O large hydrophilic signaling moleculesProteases are enzymes that destroy proteins. Application of these enzymes to an intact cell strips the proteins off the cell surface. If a specific signaling molecule is added to cells stripped of surface proteins and the cell still responds, what must be true of the signaling pathway? The receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel. The signaling molecule doesn't need a receptor. The signal can directly activate the second messenger system and does not need to activate the receptor. The receptor for this signal is inside the cell, and the signaling molecule is nonpolar and can diffuse into the cell.
- Histamine is a chemical substance released in inflammatory and allergic response. The histamine H1 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that activates phospholipase C in response to the binding of histamine. Arrange the data below showing the process of histamine signal transduction from the H1 receptor. Calcium ions flow through ligand-gated ion channel. Phosphorylation cascade leads to the activation of a cellular response. Calcioum ions activate a protein, leading to a cellular response. Enzyme cleaves PIP2, forming DAG and IP3. Calcium iom concentration increases in the cytosol. IP3 binds to a ligand-gated ion channel in thw ER membrane.Choose 1 or more than 1 Which of the following statements applies to G proteins? G protein-coupled receptors transduce signal from outside to inside the cell. G proteins are in the Golgi apparatus as indicated by their name. G proteins have a similar structure. G proteins activate transduction cascades leading to cell responses. G proteins are the targets of medicinal drugs..What is the ultimate response to a cell-cell signal? (select all that apply) gene expression can be triggered a signal is transduced a signal is amplified a target protein can be activated