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- How is an extracellular signal converted to an intracellular signal in signal transduction? Give a specific example.Intracellular signaling pathways provide multiple opportunities for the amplification of a response to an extracellular signal. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a True FalseNitric oxide produced by the endothelial layer of blood vessels stimulates the smooth muscle layer underneath to relax, leading to widening of blood vessel lumen and subsequent decrease in blood pressure. This type of cellular communication between endothelial and smooth muscle cells is an example of what type of chemical signaling?
- Why is the lifetime of second messengers so crucial to signaling efficiency? Example: Genetically engineering a second messenger by increasing its lifetime would decrease the efficiency of its signal in a cell's signaling system.This pertains to membrane transport and cell signaling. Give an example in animals and in plants where the two signaling and responding cells are in direct contact.This is a signaling pathway that involves a second messenger: epinephrine → G protein-coupled receptor → G protein → adenylyl cyclase → cAMP. Which one is known as the second messenger?
- A signaling molecule M is active when it is phosphorylated (M-P). The M-P has downstream target molecules in nucleus. Provide a possible mechanism by which M does its jobAll signaling molecules bind to receptors on the cell surface. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a True FalseThe step(s) involved in cell signaling are: Signaling cell synthesizes and secretes a signaling molecule The signaling molecule binds to a receptor of the target cell O Extracellular signal is converted into O intracellular signal followed by the response All of the above
- A drug binds to a receptor and causes an immediate change in the electrical signaling or excitability of that cell, without activating another signaling molecule. What type of receptor is this drug most likely binding to? G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) Ligand-gated ion channel Enzyme-coupled receptor Intracellular receptor Voltage-gated ion channelA cell signaling molecule that triggers an effect only in the vicinity of the cell secreting is is an example of ?Membrane receptors bind to hydrophobic signaling molecules. T/F