List and briefly describe three major cell cycle checkpoints. For each checkpoint, predict the consequences if the checkpoint fails to work properly.
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Oogenesis
The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase.
Cell Division
Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons:
List and briefly describe three major cell cycle checkpoints. For each checkpoint, predict the consequences if the checkpoint fails to work properly.
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- Describe the three most important cell cycle checkpoints. Explain in a detailed manner and provide some sample scenarios."Agent V" is the name of an anticancer (chemotherapy) drug. This drug works against cancer cells by inhibiting the formation of microtubules in sensitive cells. Consider a cell that is sensitive to agent V (in other words, agent V is effective at stopping growth of this cell). Based on this information, agent V would cause the cell to be frozen at which of the major cell cycle checkpoints (G1, G2 or M checkpoint)? Explain"Agent V" is the name of an anticancer (chemotherapy) drug. This drug works against cancer cells by inhibiting the formation of microtubules in sensitive cells. Consider a cell that is sensitive to agent V (in other words, agent V is effective at stopping growth of this cell). Based on this information, agent V would cause the cell to be frozen at which of the major cell cycle checkpoints (G1, G2 or M checkpoint)? Explain your answer in 2- 4 sentences.
- Describe the purpose of cell cycle checkpoints.1) List and briefly describe three major cell cycle checkpoints. For each checkpoint,predict the consequences if the checkpoint fails to work properly. 2) Explain why mitosis does not produce genetic variation and how meiosis leads to the production of tremendous genetic variation.In cell cycle, under the control system, explain in details (including roles of related proteins): During M phase, how M-Cdk can trigger cohesin dissociation as well as Mad2 triggers mitotic checkpoint to delay metaphase to anaphase transition.
- The cell cycle is typically thought of as having four stages. Describe the stages of the cell cycle and identify the mechanism(s) involved in progressing or not progressing through the stages with reference to proteins and signalling processes involved. Please keep brief - 10 sentences/dot points max.Which important phenomenon is both inspected during g1 and g2 checkpoints of the cell cycle?During cell division cycle, cells need to monitor the process of DNA replication and segregation of replicated DNA so that these processes are error-free. Some potential errors that could occur include incomplete DNA replication, DNA damage in genome, and uneven separation of replicated genome. These mechanisms that cells used to monitor these processes are referred as the "cell cycle checkpoint, which can control specific Cdk activity to regulate the progression of cell cycle. For the following checkpoint mechanisms, indicate which Cdk activity is attenuated? Also indicate one of the key proteins or protein complexes involved in the following checkpoints. a) DNA damage checkpoint during S-phase b) Mitotic checkpoint during M-phase
- (Q) During M-phase of cell cycle, active M-Cdk phosphorylates several target proteins in order to regulate their activities. Identify TWO specific examples of such target proteins that are phosphorylated by active M-Cdk, and explain how each of them affects the cell (i.e. their respective biological significance). i) target protein phosphorylated: _______________________________ Biological Significance: ii) target protein phosphorylated: _______________________________ Biological Significance:How does MPF allow a cell to pass the G2 phase checkpointand enter mitosis? (See Figure 12.16.)Name: Period: Date: Cell Cycle Cell growth and division occurin a regular cycle. This cycle is divided into fourphases: G1, S, G2, and M. The diagram shows this cycle, along with events that occur in each phase. Follow the prompts below. v Color the phase in which most cell growth occurs BLUE v Color the phase in which DNA replication occurs RED. v Color the phase in which preparation for mitosis occurs in YELLOW. v Color the phase in which mitosis and cytokinesis G2 occur in GREEN. P 1. Which three phases make up interphase? GI M 2. Which of the following best describes cancer? Circle the correct answer. uncontrolled cell growth cells stop growing 3. If a dog has 72 chromosomes in a SOMATIC cell, how many chromosomes will its daughter cells have after meiosis_? mitosis_?