In individuals with hereditary alkalosis, common symptoms include the accumulation of HCO) (bicarbonate) and an increase in the pH value of the blood plasma. This condition is associated with mutations in the genes that control anion exchange proteins, specifically the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger Band 3. Explain how the anion exchange proteins work in the capillaries of normal people's body tissue and discuss how this process might be disrupted in alkalosis patients and lead to these symptoms.
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- individuals with cystic fibrosis produce thick mucus in the lungs, resulting in a higher-than-normal level of CO2 in the blood. Please provide information on the following steps as it relates to cystic fibrosis. 1. Identify the problem - What is the problem that results from higher-than-normal levels of CO2 in the blood? Please relate this to buffers in the blood and construct a clear problem statement.Explain why it is necessary to wash and save erythrocytes in a 290 mUsm /L saline solution rather than in pure water.General anesthetics, presence of pain, and narcoticanalgesics for pain often lead to slow, shallowrespirations after surgery, circulation is frequentlyslow, and oxygen levels are somewhat reduced.Predict the effects on the partial pressure of carbondioxide and, how this would affect serum pH.
- With toxic damage to the liver cells, with a violation of its functions, the patient developed edema. What changes in the composition of blood plasma are the leading cause of the development of edema? Justify the answer.Present the rationale for clinical applications of renin-angiotensin inhibitors. What are the major side effects?Adult male suffered myocardial infarction and is currently in cardiogenic shock. Blood pH = 7.25, [HCO3-] = 14 mmol/L, PaCO2 = 38 mmHg. What kind of acid-base imbalance is the patient suffering from? Briefly describe fully how this occurred.
- Metabolic acidosis is often treated by administering hydrogen carbonate intravenously. Explain how this treatment can increase blood plasma pH.Discuss the causes of the increase in fluid level in "vessel A," which is isolated from "vessel B" by a semi-permeable barrier.When travelling high altitude, one of the problem is alkalosis of the blood. Remember the equation for acid balance: CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ HCO3− + H+ If there is a low amount of CO2 outside, then greater CO2 than normal will diffuse out of the lungs. This will cause the blood to become more basic. To counteract the problem, a drug may be taken to both lower the blood pressure and help correct the pH. To do this, it blocks a symporter of HCO3- and Na+ in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Q: How would blocking transport of HCO3- help to lower the pH of the blood?
- Regarding EPO and erythropoiesis: Select one: O a. EPO is formed mainly in the liver O b. EPO is deficient in patients with renal disease O c. Hypoxia can stimulate erythropoiesis in the absence of EPO O d. Erythropoiesis is achieved in the kidneys A person with eosinophilia, high number of eosinophils, is most likely suffering from: Select one: Ob. Diabetes OE Anemia O d. Autoimmune disease Which of the following is NOT TRUE of dendrites? Select one: Oa. Transmit action potentials toward the cell body b. are usually short and branched Care inout parts of the neuron 9:30 PM ENG 20-Apr-2021Concerning the reaction that is catalysed by carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells, briefly describe how the products of this reaction contribute to the buffering capacity of body fluids .How does moderate to severe COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) often lead to chronic respiratory acidosis? How might the kidneys compensate for this i.e explain at least 2 mechanisms which the kidney may use to do so - be sure to include hormones, cells involved. If the H+/K+ ATPase is brought into service, how would the plasma K+ concentration be affected? Lastly, how would activation of H+/K+ ATPase counteract or synergize with the actions of aldosterone?