Give typed full explanation In a test tube, a particular DNA polymerase has an error rate of 1 mistake inevery 106 bases copied. Why is the mutation rate in a cell that uses this DNApolymerase much lower?Not all mutations can be detected easily.The DNA polymerase has a proofreading function.O Mutations do not occur if mutagens are not present.Repair mechanisms correct many errors made by the polymeraseThe polymerase is more careful in replicating regions where genesexist.

Any change in the sequence of DNA or the structure and number of chromosomes in an organism is…

In a test tube, a particular DNA polymerase has an error rate of 1 mistake in every 106 bases copied. Why is the mutation rate in a cell that uses this DNA polymerase much lower? Not all mutations can be detected easily. O The DNA polymerase has a proofreading function. Mutations do not occur if mutagens are not present. Repair mechanisms correct many errors made by the polymerase The polymerase is more careful in replicating regions where genes exist.

In a test tube, a particular DNA polymerase has an error rate of 1 mistake in every 106 bases copied. Why is the mutation rate in a cell that uses this DNA polymerase much lower? Not all mutations can be detected easily. O The DNA polymerase has a proofreading function. Mutations do not occur if mutagens are not present. Repair mechanisms correct many errors made by the polymerase The polymerase is more careful in replicating regions where genes exist.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter13: An Introduction To Genetic Technology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8QP

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If primase makes an error and incorporates an incorrect base in the nucleic acid primer, then why would this not be a problem given the DNA replication mechanism? O Primase only copies end sequences that will be protected by telomers The lagging strand utilizes a helicase to prevent replication errors O Primase can be error proofed using a domain of DNA polymerase O The RNA primer sequence is removed and not used as a template
Translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerase zeta (ζ) is capable of accurately reading through 6,4-photoproducts (cytotoxic damage). If this protein is non-functional: a different TLS polymerase will accurately read through the DNA lesion. a different TLS polymerase will inaccurately read through the DNA lesion resulting in increased mutational frequency. the replicative polymerase will inaccurately read through the DNA damage. DNA polymerase alpha (α) will be recruited to synthesize a primer across the DNA damage. the DNA lesion cannot be bypassed and will result in double stranded DNA breaks.
PCR is used for cloning DNA and after about 30 cycles, the number of copies DNA will have increased about a billion times. Why is the DNA polymerase from the bacteria Thermus.aquaticus used in PCR? Because it uses primers specific to sequences in a disease causing gene or organism to diagnosis diseases, etc. O It is used to flank the gene to be copied. O It allows scientists to be able to determine the variable number of tandem repeats of minisatellites or microsatellites to determine an individual's DNA fingerprint. O It is present and needed because the enzyme is resistant to very high temperatures since the bacteria live in hot springs. Due to the walls of the he plant cell, which are thick; therefore it is used to degrade the walls for PCR to begin.
Which of the following statement(s) correctly describe(s) telomerase? Select all that apply. You may select multiple options. ✔Telomerase synthesizes DNA from an RNA template. O All of these options O Telomerase extends the lengths of telomeres of linear chromosomes in eukaryotes. O Telomerase unwinds the DNA duplex at telomeres. Telomerase serves as a primer for DNA synthesis at telomeres. O Telomerase has 5'-to-3' exonuclease activity.
Which one of the following is true of DNA polymerase, based on our coverage? The 2'OH of the dNTP H-bonds to the palm region to position the dNTP near the primer. It has at least one metal ion that serves as a bridge' between the enzyme and the substrate. O The Mg2 is a strong nucleophile. It has a double-displacement mechanism. The attacker in the mechanism of action is considered to be the alpha-phosphate of the dNTP
Why is Taq polymerase used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? O Unlike other DNA polymerases, Taq polymerase is heat stable and survives the 94 degree denaturation step in PCR. Taq polymerase is more efficient than other DNA polymerases. O Taq polymerase can produce DNA from an RNA template, unlike other DNA polymerases. O Taq polymerase has proofreading activity and thus makes fewer errors than other DNA polymerases. Question 44 Which of the following statements about the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes is FALSE? O Prokaryotic genomes have centromeres, whereas eukaryotic genomes do not. O Eukaryotic genomes have telomeres, whereas prokaryotic genomes do not. Prokaryotic genomes have one origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic genomes have multiple origins of replication. O Prokaryotic genomes are less complex than eukaryotic genomes.
The 5'-3' exonuclease activity involves all the following EXCEPT: o Both ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides can be removed. O DNA repair can also be undertaken by this activity. o Groups of altered nucleotides can also be removed. o Removal of one nucleotide at a time in the properly base paired DNA. o Activity is possessed by both DNA polymerase I and III
Ita person is lacking a gene that codes for a protein involved in nucleotide excision repair, then which of the following statements would be true for that person? Select the answer that is a correct statement. OA. They should avoid smoking because their cells will not be able to repair double stranded breaks caused by the alkylating agents found in cigarette smoke. R They should avoid radiation because their cells will not be able to perform non-homologous end joining to repair double stranded breaks that ionizing radiation causes. C. They should stay out of the sun, because their cells will not be able to repair thymine dimers formed in skin cell DNA caused by UV light. They should not smoke because their cells will not be able to perform homologous recombination to repair thymine dimers caused by alkylating agents in cigarette smoke. E. They shouldn't smoke and they should always use sunscreen, but that's because these are simply healthier ways of living that have nothing to do with…
Which of the following plays a role in repairing thymine dimers by reversing the damage caused by UV light exposure in bacteria? base excision repair photoreactivation enzyme postreplication repair non-homologous end-joining repair DNA polymerase proofreading
DNA polymerase error rates can be 10-8 to 10° per nucleotide, and mutations in the repair functions of DNA polymerases that increase error rates can cause reduced survival phenotypes. Yet RNA polymerase error rates can be as high as 3 x105. Why is it so much more important for DNA polymerase to be accurate than RNA polymerase? Be brief.
Select the characteristics/descriptions of DNA polymerase. Select ALL that apply requires a primer adds nucleotides to 3' end of DNA strand adds nucleotides to 5' end of DNA strand does not require primer has 3'-to-5' exonuclease activity that allows "proofreading" of DNA strand being made
Why are Gyrase inhibitors good antibiotics to use therapeutically? DNA Gyrase is required by prokaryotes, but not eukaryotes, to complete chromosomal replication so it's a good target to inhibit. O DNA Gyrase is required by eukaryotes, but not prokaryotes, to complete chromosomal replication so it's a good target to inhibit. It's impossible to develop resistance against Gyrase inhibitors so they are always effective. O DNA Gyrase is required by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes to complete chromosomal replication so it's a good target to inhibit.