In a recent study by Church et al., a cohort of sedentary women was randomized into one of three exercise interventions or a non-exercise control. The exercise intervention groups were designed to achieve an exercise energy expenditure of 4, 8, or 12 kcal/kg/week (KKW). At the end of the study, there was no statistically significant change in body mass between the control and intervention groups, but measured changes in waist circumference are summarized in Figure 1 below. No Adjustment for Weight Change Change in Waist Circumference (cm) 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 -1.0 -2.0 -3.0 -4.0 -5.0 -6.0 Control 4 KKW Adjusted for Change in Weight 8 KKW Exercise Dose 12 KKW Figure 1. Change in waist circumference for each group with (diagonal striped) and without (open) adjustment for change in weight. The change in waist circumference was significantly different from control for each exercise groups in both analyses. All values adjusted for age and ethnicity. Error bars in the top panel represent 95 percent confidence intervals.

A researcher evaluated the effectiveness of relaxation training in reducing anxiety. One sample of anxiety ridden people received relaxation training, while a second sample did not. Then anxiety scores were measured for all subjects, using a standardized test. Us the information summarized in the following table to complete this item.  The Effect of Relaxation Training on Anxiety Scores Group  Mean Anxiety Score  SE Control group  36  12 Relaxation   training 18  10 What is the DV (remember, the DV is the data)?  What is the level of measurement of the DV?  What is the best graph to display this data? Explain

The integral part of performing arts is ‘Jumping’ that requires strong muscular strength and elasticity of dancers. At what height a dancer vertically jump is one of the measures of dancer’s leg power, and however, it also depends on the level of expertise and amount of training s/he received. A research study conducted among Malaysian undergraduate student martial arts athletes (29 male and 25 female) reports that male arts athletes jump twenty-six percentage higher than their female counterparts. Assume that 90% of male athletes exceed the jump height of female counterparts. You are going to randomly select four male arts athletes and test them whether their vertical jump height exceed (success) or not exceed (failure) twenty-six percentage of the vertical height jump of female martial arts athletes. Let x represents the number of four male athletes who exceed twenty-six percentage of the standard vertical height jump of female athletes. Explain why this variable is binomial random…

In a study conducted at Virginia Tech, the plasma ascorbic acid levels of pregnant women were compared for smokers versus nonsmokers. Thirty women in the last three months of pregnancy, free of major health disorders and ranging in age from 15 to 32 years, were selected for the study. Prior to the collection of 20 ml of blood, the participants were told to avoid breakfast, forgo their vitamin supplements, and avoid foods high in ascorbic acid content. From the blood samples, the accompanying plasma ascorbic acid values were determined, in milligrams per 100 milliliters. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a difference between plasma ascorbic acid levels of smokers and nonsmokers? Assume that the two sets of data came from normal populations with unequal variances. Use a P-value. Click the icon to view the plasma ascorbic acid values. Let sample 1 be the nonsmokers and let sample 2 be the smokers. State the null and alternative hypotheses. Hoi Hi-H2 = 0 (Type integers…