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- Consider a batch culture of sphere-shaped bacteria in a growth medium or broth, in which the mean cell diameter of the bacteria is 2.0 μm (micron). Show all your calculations and assumptions in answering the questions below: What is the volume of one of these sphere-shaped cells, expressed in liters? If there are 3 x 10^12 cells in one liter of this culture broth, what percentage of the volume is occupied by bacteria and what percentage is occupied by the cell culture broth (water only)? If the cells contain 80% water, what is the dry cell concentration, expressed as “grams dry weight/Liter of broth”? You should assume that the density of the cells dry mass is approximately 1.0 gr/cm3the following are the steps, listed in random order, for utilizing koch's postulates. what should be the second step out of the four listed? a. a microorganism is found to be present in every case of a disease. b. the same microbe discovered previously is isolated from the purposely infected host c. the pathogen is isolated and grown in pure culture d. the same disease results after isolated organism is inoculated into healthy hostBoth ethanol and trimethyldodecylammonium chloride are active ingredients in cleaning products used to disinfect. Both will inactivate coronaviruses by a similar mechanism of action. Describe that mechanism of action and why both chemicals are able to cause it. (Reminder: coronaviruses are "lipid envelope" viruses.) Consider the physical properties of these compounds to answer the following question: why might you choose to use a cleaning product with one of these active ingredients over the other?
- My disinfectant says it will kill 99.99% of bacteria. The directions say to achieve this kill rate I must keep the surface wet for 2 minutes. What is my D-value? Assuming I have 10 million cells, how long of a treatment is needed to get down to one cell? (Show your work)) If you counted 500 CFU’s in the petri dish for number 6 and 5000 CFU’s in petri dish for number 7, what would be the most justifiable explanation for this? 19) If the original sample’s concentration was 12 bacterial cells, what do you expect the count to be?You are testing a potential new antibiotic for its effectiveness at killing Streptococcus pneumoniae, the bacterium that causes pneumonia. As a first test of this drug, you grow the bacteria in the presence of different concentrations of this drug and analyze its effect on the growth of the bacteria. The data are shown in the table below listing the drug concentration in milliMolar (mM) against the percentage of growth relative to the control (no drug). Construct an appropriate graph for the presentation of these data. Drug Concentration (mM) Percentage of Growth (%) 0 100 1 83 2 76 3 62 4 55 5 30 6 15 7 2
- a. Let’s say for example that a milk sample has 10,000 bacteria per milliliters. If 1 mL of this sample were plated out, these would theoretically be 10,000 colonies in the Petri plate. Discuss and explain the serial dilutions of this example. b. The disk diffusion method was used to evaluate 3 disinfectants. The results were as follows: Solution Zone of inhibition X 0 mm Y 5 mm Z 10 mm How would you interpret? Provide inference.The images attached are the photos of bacteria in yoghurt under a misroscope. According to these images and your own knowledge, can you make a biological drawing of bacteria in yoghurt ( in a circle) and identify the types of bacteria accurately?Below is a diagram of four different antibiotics (numbered 1-4) that are being tested in a petri dish inoculated with bacteria. After a sufficient incubation period, bacterial growth occurred except in the zones of inhibition (shown with dotted lines in the diagram) around the antibiotics. Based on the results shown here, would it be reasonable to conclude that the most effective antibiotic in this example would be an effective antibiotic against any bacterium? Why or why not?
- 12:28 TABLE 1 Disk Symbol A B Today 10:42 AM INTERPRETING INHIBITION ZONES OF TEST CULTURES CHEMICAL METHODS OF CONTROL: ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS Antimicrobial Agent Ampicillin when testing gram-negative bacteria Ampicillin when testing gram-positive bacteria Chloramphenicol Ceftazidime Carbenicillin Carbenicillin when testing Pseudomonas Cephalothin Ciprofloxacin Erythromycin Cefoxitin Sulfisoxazole Bunnsoxazo Gentamicin Conca companion Imipenem Penicillin when testing staphylococci Penicillin when testing other bacteria Polymyxin Rifampin Streptomycin Trimethoprim- Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) Tetracycline Vancomycin when testing Staphylococcus spp. Vancomycin when testing enterococci PROCEDURE Second Period 1. Measure the zones of inhibition in millimeters, using a ruler on the underside of the plate (see Figure 3b). If the diameter is difficult to measure, measure the radius from the center of the disk to the edge of the zone. Multiply the radius by 2 to get the diameter of the zone. Disk…Koch's postulates include all of the following EXCEPT O 1) Isolate the organism in pure culture. The symptoms of the test animal may vary from the symptoms seen in the O 2) patient. O 3) Inoculate a test animal with the isolated organism. 4) The organism must be isolated from the test animal in pure culture. 5) The organism isolated from the test animal must match the organism isolated from the patient.A 0.00001 dilution is performed on a culture of bacteria in order to perform viable plate counts. From the dilution, *0.1 mL* of solution is plated on solid media, and 223 colonies of bacteria grow on the petri dish. Assuming each colony came from a single bacterium, how many bacteria are in a single mL of the original culture? Express your answer to two decimal places using exponential notation. Since only 0.1 mL is put on the plate, this counts as an extra dilution!!! Any time less than 1 mL is transfered, a dilution is being performed. Any time more than 1 mL is transfered, a concentration is being performed.