If an isolated liver cell runs out of glucose, the cell will break down glycogen into Glucose-1-Phosphate (Glucose-1-P). The isolated liver cell will then use the enzyme phosphoglucomutase to convert Glucose-1-P to Glucose-6-P, which can enter glycolysis. If you remove all glucose and add a drug that inhibits phosphoglucomutase, which molecule will most likely accumulate in this system?    A. Glucose B. Glucose 1 phosphate C. Glucose 6 phosphate D. Lactate E. CO2

In the cell, ATP can be enzymatically produced from glycerol-3-phosphate (glycerol-3-P) and PO,. This enczymatic synthesis utilizes selected enzymes from glycolysis. Glycerol-3-P+ dihydroxyacetone phosphate-→ x→Y+3-phosphoglycerate What is compound X? Note that the cofactors, co-substrates, and details for the use of PO, for this set of reactions have been omitted, You should know them! O Phosphoenolpyruvate O Pyruvate o 2-Phosphoglycerate O Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate O Oxaloacetate

A mutation has occurred that results in phosphofructokinase not being able to bind ATP in its allosteric site. What impact will this mutation have on the production of ATP in the cell?   Select one: a. If no ATP can bind to the allosteric site, then phosphofructokinase will not be able to add the phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate to make fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and glycolysis will not work. So no pyruvate, not cellular respiration.  b. If ATP cannot bind to the allosteric site, phosphofructokinase will not be activated to make more ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. c. No impact on the production but will not be able to effectively shut off over production of ATP with feedback inhibition.

One condition is ketoacidosis (low blood pH) which is a potentially life-threatening state, most commonly experienced by diabetics. Ketoacidosis, however, is not typically an issue for healthy people who are following a ketogenic diet. What is the difference between ketoacidosis and ketosis? Why do diabetics sometimes develop ketoacidosis, while healthy people rarely do? Healthy people are well equipped to survive on a ketogenic diet. Why is it important that humans evolved to have the ability to survive without carbohydrate nutrients?

Corticosteroids (a type of hormone), and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are non-narcotic pain relievers. Both medications are prescribed to reduce inflammation in the body.  NSAIDs such as aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen are able to reduce pain, fever, and inflammation by blocking the action of the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Common corticosteroids include prednisone, cortisone, and methylprednisolone.  Choose one of these three corticosteroids.  Do some internet research on the corticosteroid that you choose and then explain how the drug works to reduce inflammation.

The following reaction would most likely be catalyzed by an enzyme of which class? sucrose + H2O → glucose + fructose

In the regulation of glycogen phosphorylase, which of the following statements is true? The inactive T form becomes activated when it gets dephosphorylated. The active R form is inhibited by glucose. Phosphoprotein phosphatase catalyzes the attachment of a phosphate group to a Ser residue in glycogen phosphorylase. The allosteric modulator glucose-6-phosphate promotes the conformation change from inactive T state to active R state.

The reaction in which glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) is converted to fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) is an example of an isomerization reaction. Notice that both molecules have the molecular formula C6H13O9P. The isomerization is  catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphate isomerase. This is a reversible reaction in cells, with a moderately negative ΔG, but a very high activation energy. If you have a flask that contains a solution containing cellular concentrations of G6P and F6P, but no enzyme, how will the concentration of each molecule change over time?

If sucrase breaks down sucrose and a mystery sugar inhibits sucrase from breaking down sucrose allowing sucrose to mobilize in the body, what kind of inhibition is the mystery sugar? i.e. uncompetitive, competitive, non-competitive

You are studying energy production and metabolic activities of prostate cancer cells in the lab. You compare energy metabolism in these cancer cells with normal cells. Which of the following would you observe? Select all that apply Oxidative phosphorylation is reduced in cancer cells compared to normal cells Glycolysis is reduced in cancer cells compared to normal cells Oxidative phosphorylation is enhanced in cancer cells compared to normal cells Glycolysis is enhanced in cancer cells compared to normal cells