Type VI glycogen storage disease (Hers disease) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by lack of phosphorylase kinase in the liver.   In your own words describe how each of the following metabolic parameters/observations will be affected/unaffected in a person with Type VI GSD (a) Blood glucose levels, after fasting (e.g. before breakfast). (b) Blood glucose levels, immediately following a meal. (c) Storage of glycogen in the liver and muscles. (d) ATP concentration in the muscles

The diabetic body's reliance on ketogenesis to provide energy due to the unavailability of glucose causes serious health and toxicity concerns in these individuals. 1) Describe the role of ketogenesis in diabetes, why the body elects this metabolic pathway, and its resultant benefits and consequences. 2) Describe the role of ketogenesis in a ketogenic diet, why this can be considered a desired metabolic state for individuals, and the benefits and consequences of ketogenesis in these intentional circumstances.  Rationalize the differences between these two ketogenic instances.

For the two conditions below regarding Glycogenolysis, please explain how glucose release would be affected. Would there be an increased, decrease, or no change compared to “normal” conditions? Also explain which enzyme or reaction is affected and why. Condition 1: the debranching enzyme is inhibited Condition 2: free inorganic phosphate is chelated

Many diabetics do not respond to insulin because of a deficiency of insulin receptors on their cells. How does this aff ect (a) the levels of circulating glucose immediately after a meal and (b) the rate of glycogen synthesis in muscle?

The main enzyme of glycogen degradation is [Select] is low, this enzyme is activated by [Select] [Select] When blood glucose in response to the hormone

One condition is ketoacidosis (low blood pH) which is a potentially life-threatening state, most commonly experienced by diabetics. Ketoacidosis, however, is not typically an issue for healthy people who are following a ketogenic diet. What is the difference between ketoacidosis and ketosis? Why do diabetics sometimes develop ketoacidosis, while healthy people rarely do? Healthy people are well equipped to survive on a ketogenic diet. Why is it important that humans evolved to have the ability to survive without carbohydrate nutrients?

Hexokinase deficiency (HKD) is a congenital disease that can disrupt intracellular glucose levels. Please provide an explanation of the diseases impact on intracellular glucose levels and the mechanism by which how GLUT1 regulates this disrupted glucose level.

A 16-year-old female is recently diagnosed with a deficiency of muscle glycogen phosphorylase. She and her family are concerned and ask the following questions. Based on what you know about skeletal muscle glycogenolysis and muscle metabolism, please respond to each question with a thoughtful answer that describes the metabolism in these various scenarios in language that your patient will understand, while also being sure to include the role of the relevant metabolic pathways, specific enzymes, and stimulus for their activity: I’m not sure I understand the issue. Can you explain how muscle glycogen is used normally during exercise?  I really like to take long walks; will Istill be able to do this with my friends?  As a result of this deficiency, will I need to get up at night to eat to maintain my blood glucose levels?  Do I need to worry about producing excessive lactate during intense anaerobic exercise?

Which of the following statements concerning cholesterol regulation is true? (A) SREBP localizes to the ER when cellular cholesterol levels are low.(B) HMG CoA reductase degradation is inhibited when exogenous cholesterol is plentiful.(C) Binding of cholesterol to SREBP causes SREBP to move to the nucleus.(D) Low cellular energy triggers phosphorylation and inhibition of HMG CoA reductase.(E) SREBP binds to a sterol regulatory element in the HMG-CoA reductase gene promoter to decrease gene expression.

Under FASTING state, how do the hormonal changes bring about the effect to maintain glucose homeostasis in the body through the pathways of GLYCOLYSIS and GLUCONEOGENESIS; GLYCOGENOLYSIS and GLYCOGENESIS? (Please describe the signaling pathways in detail. )