Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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- Listed are some hypothetical medical conditions, describe their effect on cellular respiration (specifically refer to the effect they will have on energy production). a) A person is unable to take glucose into their cells. b) A mutation occurs in the ATP synthase protein and it is inactive. c) The mitochondrial inner membrane is very permeable to H+.arrow_forwardWhy does mitochondrial NADH yields more ATPs than cytosolic NADH?arrow_forwardWhat two coenzymes are involved with initial events of the electron-transport chain?arrow_forward
- If oxygen is not available for the electron transport chain, how is the Krebs cycle affected? What is the alternative pathway that the cells would opt to respire?arrow_forwardWhat compounds are the immediate source of the "high energy electrons" that enter the electron transport system of mitochondria? Where do these electron-donating compounds gain their electrons? What type of compounds are these electron-donating compounds?arrow_forwardThe four complexes of the electron transport chain use the energy of electrons stored in reducing agents to create a concentration gradient of protons (H*) across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Give the number of protons pumped into the intermembrane space by each of the four complexes: complex I: complex II: complex III: complex IV:arrow_forward
- ATP synthesis in mitochondria requires all of the following EXCEPT (select two answers) a hydrogen ion concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane the oxidation of dinucleotide molecules that act as electron carriers fermentation of pyruvate into lactate to regenerate NAD+ the reduction O2, forming H2O the breakdown of glucosearrow_forwardUnder typical conditions, how many protons are pumped across the mitochondrial intermembrane for each molecule of NADH that is oxidized (assuming its electrons are passed all the way to O2 by the respiratory chain)? 1. 1 2. 6 3. 10 4. 100arrow_forwardhow many net ATP molecules does the citric acid cycle generate in total? Consider both ATP generated directly by the citric acid cycle and ATP generated downstream in oxidative phosphorylation using other molecuies generated by the citric acid cycle For your answer, consider ATP and GTP to be equivalent A) 32 B) 20 C) 2 D) 10 E) 1arrow_forward
- The functioning of a particular pathway often depends not only on control enzymes in that pathway but alsoon control enzymes of other pathways. What happens in the following pathways under the indicated conditions? Suggest what otherpathway or pathways might be influenced.(a) High ATP or NADH concentration and the citric acid cycle.(b) High ATP concentration and glycolysis.(c) High NADPH concentration and the pentose phosphate pathway.(d) High fructose-2,6-bisphosphate concentration and gluconeo genesis.arrow_forwardHow NADH formed during glycolysis enters the mitochondria? Name both shuttle system (No explanation required)arrow_forwardWhat is the overall net reaction of glycolysis? C6H12O6 + 2 NADH + 2 P₁ + 2 ATP --> 2 C3H3O3 + 2 NAD+ + 2 H+ + 2 H₂O + 2 ADP C6H12O6 + 2 NAD+ + 4 P₁ + 4 ADP --> 2 C3H3O3 + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 H₂O + 4 ATP Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 P₁ + 2 ADP --> 2 C3H3O3 + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 H₂O + 2 ATP Glucose + 2 FAD + 2 P; + 2 ADP --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 FADH₂ + 2 H+ + 2 H₂O + 2 ATP C6H12O6 + 2 NAD+ + 2 P₁ + 2 ADP --> Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 H₂O + 2 ATParrow_forward
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