ATP synthesis in mitochondria requires all of the following EXCEPT (select two answers) a hydrogen ion concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane the oxidation of dinucleotide molecules that act as electron carriers fermentation of pyruvate into lactate to regenerate NAD+ the reduction O2, forming H2O the breakdown of glucose

For Krebs Cycle(Citric Acid Cycle) what are steps of cellular respiration for both aerobic (oxygen present) and anaerobic (without oxygen) respiration.  what are the Inputs and Outputs: Clearly indicate the key substrates, intermediates, and products at each stage. Location: Show where this stage of cellular respiration occurs within the cell (e.g., cytoplasm, mitochondria). Energy Production: Highlight the ATP and NADH production at this stage. Oxygen: Show where oxygen is used in the process (e.g., ETC) and where carbon dioxide is produced. Electron Carriers: Indicate the role of electron carriers such as NAD+ and FAD in transferring eleDiagrams: Use diagrams or icons to represent the structures and molecules involved, such as the mitochondria, glucose, ATP, and oxygen. Key Information like important facts or formulas relevant to cellular respiration, like the chemical equations for each stage.

In glycolysis, the KM value of hexoquinase is 0.04 mM.  At physiological conditions, the cellular concentration of glucose is between 4 mM to 15 mM.  According with this information, which of the following statements is true (Choose all that are correct)     The enzyme has a low affinity for its substrate     The enzme is working at its maximum velocity     The phosphorilation of glucose is very slow     The small value of KM assures that glycolysis will continue even when the concentration of glucose drops below 4 mM.      The hexoquinase is saturated with glucose

The reaction pictured is an oxidation-reduction reaction in the citric acid cycle in which the energy-carrier molecule NADH is generated. Identify which molecule in the reaction will be oxidized and which molecule will be reduced. Place a single answer choice in each box. COO- HO-C-H H-C-H COO- Malate NAD+ NADH + H+ Oxidized malate oxaloacetate COO- H-C-H ī COO- Oxaloacetate Reduced NADH NAD+

Cyanide poisoning inhibits aerobic respiration at cytochrome c oxidase. Which of the following is NOT a result of cyanide poisoning at the cellular level? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b с d e Oxygen is reduced to water The rate of glycolysis increases Cells are forced to switch to anaerobic respiration The electron transport chain is not completed None of the above Answered K Open in Reading View ✔Posubmit

Muscle cells under heavy load can produce some ATP using lactic acid fermentation.  Which statement below about the process is true? There is no oxygen being supplied to the cell during this time Lactic acid fermentation replaces aerobic respiration Lactic acid fermentation happens alongside aerobic respiration Lactic acid fermentation takes place after alcohol fermentation is completed Lactic acid fermentation is able to produce 6 ATP per molecule of glucose

Consider a liver cell carrying out the oxidation of glucose and fatty acids under aerobic conditions. Then, a very potent and specific inhibitor of the mitochondrial ATP synthase is added, completely inhibiting this enzyme. What will happen to the rate of the citric acid cycle? No change in the rate of the citric acid cycle O Increased due to the demand for reduced electron carriers to power reactions instead of ATP O Increased due to an accumulation of protons in the mitochondrial intermembrane space Reduced due to the accumulation of the products of the cycle that act as feedback inhibitors O Reduced as some enzymes of the cycle share the same active site as ATP synthase and will therefore be inhibited

Describe the location of ATP synthase in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. How they are different and where the protons are pumped?

During cellular respiration, for each single glucose molecule 10 NADH molecules and 2 FADH2 molecules are produced. However, when tabulating how much ATP is synthesized, we consider the ATP yield from 8 NADH molecules and 4 FADH2 molecules. Explain why.