How are the genes in the beta-globin locus different from each other? They have different evolutionary origins, from different ancestral genes. B) They have different sequences and locations on the chromosome. They are expressed at different times in development. (D) Some are expressed in all cells; some are expressed only in red blood cells. (E) They are dispersed on on different chromosomes.

Corticosteroids are powerful anti-inflammatory drugs that alter the transcription of many genes.  Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory drugs that are used to treat individuals with allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, or organ transplants. These compounds have a wide range of effects on leukocytes and on inflammatory cytokine production. One common use for corticosteroids is as an inhaled treatment for individuals with asthma. Interestingly, inhaled corticosteroids provide significant benefit to asthma patients with high numbers of eosinophils in their airways, but not to those patients with high numbers of neutrophils, but normal numbers of eosinophils. One reason for this finding may be that: Corticosteroids don’t inhibit IL-13 production in the airways Corticosteroids don’t inhibit release of IL-33 by airway epithelial cells Corticosteroids induce apoptosis of Treg cells Corticosteroids induce apoptosis of eosinophils Corticosteroids don’t work well as combination therapy with…

Q40

How can a single nucleotide insertion in the beta globin gene generate a phenotypic change in the ability of the red blood cell to transport oxygen?