Wnt4 is expressed in a variety of embryonic tissues. You decide to study this gene during mouse development Part 1) In the mouse embryo at gastrulations are Wnts concentrated at the anterior or posterior region? Part 2) You decide to conduct a Wnt4

You plan to synthesize a peptide to be used as a vaccine to treat melanoma, a particularly aggressive form of skin cancer. Normally, gp100, a protein on the surface of melanocytes, activates cell growth when it is bound by its ligand. Activation of the growth pathway depends on the presence of threonine in the ligand. The effective peptide vaccine will mimic the natural ligand, but won’t cause cell growth and division. Below is the sequence of the natural ligand:   LDMKTAG   In order to ensure your newly designed peptide vaccine does not cause cell growth upon binding, you must substitute the Threonine residue at position 5. What amino acid would you replace it with, bearing in mind that the peptide should still be similar enough to bind to the gp100 protein in the surface of melanocytes. Explain your choice. Your vaccine will be administered as a topical cream, and you require your peptide to have an overall neutral charge in order to be functional. At what pH should you formulate…

A newly identified protein from the  cells of the Panopyra plant on Pandora was shown to inhibit translation of its target genes by binding to the 5’ UTR of the mRNA and preventing ribosome binding.  A possible way this inhibition may be relieved by an sRNA would be:  Group of answer choices a)The sRNA acts as a silencer, suppressing the inhibitory protein and allowing translation to take place. b)The sRNA acts as a decoy, sequestering the inhibitory protein and allowing translation to take place. c)The sRNA acts as a marker, flagging the inhibitory protein for ubiquitination and allowing translation to take place.

Wnt4 is expressed in a variety of embryonic tissues. You decide to study this gene during mouse development Part 1 In the mouse embryo at gastrulation, are Wnts concentrated at the anterior or posterior region? Part 2 You decide to conduct a Wnt4 immunoblot (Western blot), using tissues from mouse embryos. What key reagent do you need to carry out this method? Part 3 Your immunoblot shows that Wnt4 is expressed in the embryonic ovary. What also needs to be expressed in the ovary for Wnt4 to have an effect there? Part 4 Outline in three dot points how Wnt4 can induce gene expression in neighbouring cells. Part 5 a. What method you would use to show that Wnt4 gene is required for ovary development in the mouse? b. In three dot points, outline how this method is carried out.