Hot working is a process commonly seen in the production floor that usually involved heating furnaces. Explain one reason of hot working and justify the types of heat-treating furnaces. (a) (Word limit: ~150) (b) Discuss the importance of understanding in crystal structure of metal and why different crystal structures exhibit different strengths and ductility. (Word limit: ~150)
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- Q.1. For hypereutectoid plain carbon steel (select %C content yourself), determine the phases that are present, the compositions of these phases, and the percentages or fractions of the phases. Make schematic sketches of the microstructure that would be observed for conditions of very slow cooling at the following temperatures: a) Just above the austenite transformation temperature b) The austenite transformation temperature 10°C c) The eutectoid transformation temperature +10°C d) The eutectoid transformation temperature 10°CWhat temperature is required to obtain 0.4%C at a distance of 0.3 mm beneath the surface of a 0.22% C steel in 2h, when 1.1% C is present at the surface? Assume that the iron is FCC. (Please see figure 5.12 below for diffusion coefficient data. Please use your notes for a table of erf() function values Diffusion coefficient D (cm²/s) ܐ ܐ ܐ ܐ 10- 10-5 10- 10-10 10-11 10-12 10-13 10-14 10-15 Temperature (°C) 2000 1500 1200 1000 900 800 700 600 Cin graphite Mg in MgO Ca in Cao H in FCC iron C in FCC iron Fe in FCC iron Fe in BCC iron H in BCC iron C in BCC iron Fe in FeO 500 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 104 T(K) Figure 5-12 The diffusion coefficient D as a function of reciprocal temperature for some metals and ceramics. In this Arrhenius plot, D represents the rate of the diffusion process. A steep slope denotes a high activation energy.An aluminum pipe has a length of 54 m at a temperature of 10°C. An adjacent steel pipe at the same temperature is 8 mm longer. At what temperature will the aluminum pipe be 24 mm longer than the steel pipe? Assume that the coefficient of thermal expansion for the aluminum is 22.5x10-6/°C and that the coefficient of thermal expansion for the steel is 12.5×10-6/°C.
- Another of the steel components manufactured by michael's company is steel railway track sections. Thecomponent has a length of 120m (at a temperature of -10°C) and is to be exposed to a temperaturerange of -10°C to 55°C. In order to calculate the gaps which need to be left between the sections michael'scustomer needs to determine the maximum length which each railway track section will expand to andmichael have been asked to carry out the calculation for them. michael have also been instructed to determinethe percentage change in volume and surface area when exposed to the same initial and finaltemperatures. The customer has informed him that the cross sectional profile of the railway track isrectangular and of breadth 14cm and height 32cm. Assume the coefficient of thermal expansion ofsteel is 12x10-6 /°C. Briefly discuss the changes that occur with in the steel as a result of the change intemperature.Choose the correct answer C3S has a faster rate of reaction accompanied by low heat generation. A-True B-False[14] Electrolysis process is based on : * O thermal effect of current O chemical effect of current O luminous effect of current magnetic effect of current
- A sufficient amount of pure copper is(4 to be heated for casting a large plate in an open mold. The plate has dimensions: length = 20 in, width=D10 in, and thickness =3 in. Compute the amount of heat that must be added to the metal to heat it to a temperature of 21500F for pouring. Assume that the amount of metal heated will be 10% more than what is needed to fill the mold cavity. Properties of the metal are: density=0.324 Ibm/in3, melting point = 19810F, specific heat of the %3D metal=0.093Btu/lbm-F in the solid state and 0.090 Btu/lbm-F in the liquid * .state, and heat of fusion = 80 Btu/lbmsubject: Material Engineering Using the given sheet for the Ni-Ti Phase diagram, how many phase fields appear in the diagram and write down the weight fraction of gamma phase for an alloy containing 43% wt of Ti at 1000 CQ.2. Suppose that Eutectoid steel and 4340 alloy steel are welded between themselves. The heat- affected zone of welded structures are cooled using conditions listed below. Using suitable figures and tables, Estimate the microstructures and mechanical properties that can be formed for welded Eutectoid steel and 4340 alloy steel separately? Compare the results in detail. a) The average cooling rate of the heat-affected zone is 1°C/s. b) The average cooling rate of the heat-affected zone is 0, 1°C/s. c) Isothemally quenched in oil
- docs.google.com 8 gel pores and capillaries decrease with the progress of 5 points cement hydration True False Other:1. A 65 wt% Ni -35 wt% Cu alloy is heated to a temperature within the a + liquid phase region. If the composition of the a phase is 70 wt % Ni, determine i. The temperature of the alloy ii. The composition of the liquid phase iii. The mass fraction of both phases Composition (at% Ni) 20 40 60 80 100 1600 H 2800 1500 Liquid 1453°C 2600 1400 Solidus line Liquidus line 2400 1300 a +L 1200 2200 1100 A 2000 1085°C 1000 20 40 60 80 100 (Cu) Composition (wt% Ni) (Ni) Temperature (°C) Temperature (F)Which of the following describes galvanic corrosion? Select one: a. Two metals/alloys of different compositions are coupled while exposed to an electrolyte. b. Oxidation and reduction reactions occur randomly over the surface. c. Localized corrosion that may be initiated at a surface defect. d. Corrosion that results from a difference in concentration of ions or dissolved gases in the electrolyte. e. Corrosion that occurs preferentially along grain boundaries. f. Corrosion resulting from the combined action of chemical attack and mechanical abrasion or wear. g. One element is preferentially removed as a result of corrosion. h. Corrosion resulting from the combined action of an applied tensile stress and a corrosive environment.