Hemoglobin is the oxygen carrier in the blood. What is the effect of each of the following treatments on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin in vitro and how do these changes impact the T state vs. R state of the enzyme? A) Decrease in pH from 7.4 to 7.2.  B) Increase in 2,3-BPG concentration.

Based on the following data, is the p50 higher or lower than normal in (a) hemoglobin Yakima and (b) hemoglobin Kansas? Explain. Name Yakima Kansas Mutation Asp G1 (99) ẞ → His Asn G4 (102) ß → Thr Effect Disrupts a hydrogen bond that stabilizes the T conformation Disrupts a hydrogen bond that stabilizes the R conformation

For each of the following examples, indicate whether the drug is acting on physical process, chemical process or enzymatic system (your answer should be only; Physical, Chemical or Enzymatic).   A. A drug is used as an antidote in lead poisoning and acts by binding to lead particles in body (chelation therapy). B. A drug acts to reduce flatulence and acts by reducing the surface tension of intestinal gas bubbles in the GI tract (e.g. Simethicone). C. A drug competes with alpha-glucosidase in intestine to reduce glucose conversion from disaccharides (e.g. Acarbose).

there are A-D questions to this picture set up. A) What enzyme catalyzes this reaction? B) What is Delta G, please answer in Joules, K=19 C) If concentration of Glucose-1_Phosphate is 48.82 uM at equalibrium, what is the concentration of Glucose-6-phosphate in uM? D) If the reaction is NOT at equalibrium, what is delta G at 25C if the concentration of Glucose-1-phosphate is 15.04 uM and concentration of Glucose -6-phosphate is 1.62 mM? please answer in Joules and in significant figures. *note, 10^3uM in 1 mM   Thank you!!

10. In an abnormal hemoglobin variant known as Hemoglobin-Kariya, the lysine residues at position 40 in the ß-chains are replaced by glutamic acid residues. a) What effect would you expect this change to have on the quaternary structure and oxygen binding properties of hemoglobin? b) Draw a diagram to illustrate the difference in the oxygen binding curves that would be obtained with normal hemoglobin and Hemoglobin-Kariya.

Glucose-6- phosphatase catalyzes the following reaction: glucose – 6-phosphate + H2O = glucose + phosphate. Glucose-6- phosphatase would be classified as a(n)  a)  kinase   b) hydrolase   c)   lyase  d)   oxidoreductase If ∆G for a biochemical reaction has a positive value, this means: a)  the reaction will proceed very rapidly   b)   the reaction will proceed very slowly   c)  the reaction will generate heat   d)  The reaction requires energy input to proceed. Which thermodynamic parameter do enzymes change? A)  entropy  b)  activation energy   c)  enthalpy   d)  all of these Enzymes have which effect on the chemical equilibrium of a biochemical reaction? A)  the equilibrium shifts to favor products   b)  the equilibrium shifts to favor reactants  c) The equilibrium does not shift, but gets there faster   d)  a new equilibrium is formed

A. Which one of the following is an example of affinity chromatography? Select all that apply. a) Hormone – receptor interaction b) Enzyme – substrate interaction c) Antigen-antibody interaction d) All of the above e) Cytochrome C – DEAE matrix B. If your sepharose beads are covalently attached to adrenaline hormone, which of the following protein is most likely purified by affinity chromatography? a) Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) b) Calmodulin c) GPCR d) Protein kinase A C. Which of the following malate dehydrogenase (MDH) has a 'peptide epitope tag'? a) MDH-HA b) MDH-GST c) MDH-GFP e) All of them D. To elute target proteins from an affinity chromatography matrix, which of the following conditions would be the most appropriate? a) Low salt concentrations b) High salt concentrations c) Adding a soluble ligand that competes with the affinity tagged protein for binding to the column d) Just keep washing buffer through the column, isocratic elution

Compare and contrast the c4 pathway and the malate–aspartate shuttle in bullet format, meaning list the similarities and differences.

Antithrombin III forms an irreversible complex with thrombin but not with prothrombin. What is the most likely reason for this difference in reactivity?

Could you please help answer this question?