Given a mutation in the promoter, coding region, and/or non-coding region of a gene, explain how these three scenarios create new alleles of the same gene.

A genetic variant is associated with high penetrance and low expressivity. This means the variant is associated with a:   Question 15 options:   High chance of showing disease symptoms and the disease is caused by a rare mutation.   High chance of showing disease symptoms but the symptoms will be mild.   Low chance of showing disease symptoms and the symptoms will be mild.   High chance of showing disease symptoms and the symptoms will be severe.   Low chance of showing disease symptoms but the symptoms will be severe.

Random mutation in the DNA sequence of a coding gene can lead to different genetic outcomes. Provide two examples of how a mutation can lead to changes in a gene’s function and how this mutation could modify the gene.

a. How can a single eukaryotic gene give rise to several different types of mRNA molecules?b. Excluding the possible rare polycistronic message,how can a single mRNA molecule in a eukaryoticcell produce proteins with different activities?

Define copy number variants (CNVs)

Assume that there is a double stranded break on DNA double helix of an eukaryotic cell due to X-ray radiation and it is not repaired. In addition, the cell’s Apaf-1 protein is not expressed due to a null mutation in the Apaf-1 gene. Please discuss the effect of not having Apaf-1 expression in the cell with non-repaired double stranded break.

Describe four differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression.

Many aspects of gene function can be nicely explained with the one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis, which states that a gene controls the production of an enzyme. Which of the following findings about gene expression, though, requires an expansion of this simple concept? Choose an answer below: Non-enzyme proteins are made from genes too. Some genes code for RNA molecules only. Enzymes composed of different polypeptides are coded for by more than one gene. a and c, but not b a, b, and c

Given a mutation in the promoter, coding region, and/or non-coding region of a gene, explain how these three scenarios create new alleles of the same gene.

Two methods for functionally inactivating a gene without altering the gene sequence involve dominant negative alleles and RNA interference (RNAi). Describe how each method can inhibit expression of a gene.