Gene duplication A A Evolution AI A2 Speciation AI A2 AI A2 Evolution AI A2 AI A2 Evolution A A2 BI B2 Conclusion: Genes A1 and A2 are paralogs. Genes B1 and B2 are paralogs. Genes A1 and B1 are orthologs. Genes A2 and B2 are orthologs. 20.9 Homologous genes are evolutionarily related.

Q: The figure below shows RNA-Seq data (RED) for the D. melanogaster transformer (tra) gene obtained…

A: DNA is made up of nucleotides. DNA consists of exons which are the coding sequences and introns…

Q: Shown below is the genomic structure of the human B-globin gene. The numbers within the boxes…

A: Transcription is the process by which DNA act as template for the formation of mRNA . This process…

Q: Create a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the process of gene expression in Bacteria versus…

A: Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a template DNA strand. Translation forms…

Q: Briefly discuss why mutant allele 1 fails to produce functional protein. Note that this mutation has…

A: A gene is a DNA-based functional heredity unit that delivers instructions for the production of RNA…

Q: In general, explain how epigenetic modifications are an important mechanism for developmental…

A: Phenotypic changes  that are influenced by environmental factors instead of genetic changes are…

Q: Why do mitochondria need genes that encode rRNAs andtRNAs?

A: Human mitochondrial DNA refers to the genetic material of the mitochondria. It contains several…

Q: DMC1 SPS1 DIT1 SPS100 fold repressed >20 1:1 fold induced x10x >20

A: The given question states three genes as named X, Y, Z and their transcriptional responses over time…

Q: What mutations are possible in gene ZFPM2?

A: ZFPM 2 is a multi zinc finger protein. It helps in transcription regulation of certain genes by…

Q: Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a form  of congenital blindness in humans and is  known to be…

A: Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a form of congenital blindness in humans and is known to be…

Q: Is the mutation in the sickle cell gene a point mutation or a frameshift mutation?

A: Point mutations are a large category of mutations that describe a change in single nucleotide of…

Q: The Dscam locus in Drosophila melanogaster has 24 exons. Four of these exons are able to undergo…

A: Alternative splicing results in several products being made from one chromosome. In higher…

Q: Consider a bacterium that can synthesize an imaginary amino acid called fictamine. Initially,…

A: ANSWER;-  i) Gene Y codes for enzyme 1 because when gene Y is mutated, the activity of enzyme 1 is…

Q: . In Figure 8-22, show how the double-stranded RNA isable to silence the transgene. What would have…

A: Double stranded RNA-mediated interference is a method of silencing the gene expression in a wide…

Q: In the corn snake Pantherophis guttatus, there are several different color variants, including…

A: Introns are non-coding sequences and exons are coding sequences in the gene. Splicing is the process…

Q: The transcription factor Pax6 is required continually during the life of a mouse (or a human) for…

A: Pax6 is a kind of transcription factor which is required for the development of retina in mouse and…

Q: Explain how paralogs and orthologs are produced

A: Gene is known to be the basic unit of heredity of all life forms. Most animals contain…

Q: The gene known to be mutated in cases of Agammaglobulinemia 2 (which is inherited in an autosomal…

A: A person with agammaglobulinemia has extremely low levels of the immune system's defense proteins,…

Q: What are the functions of transcriptional activator proteins and repressor proteins? Explain how…

A: Transcription is the first step in central dogma of protein synthesis. It involves formation of…

Q: When an EcoR1 fragment, which represents the coding region of a human gene X, is cloned into the…

A: Fusion proteins are created by combining two or more genes into a single gene. GST is a common…

Q: If I'm understanding your explanation correctly, do you mean that option D "At the 3’ end of the…

A:

Q: Consider a single base insertion mutation between the 3rd and 4th codons in a natural gene that…

A: Amino acid  The building blocks of proteins. The protein is a polymer made up of chain of amino…

Q: Mutations within the genes for ARSs, are known to be cause certain human maladies, such as the…

A: ARS is an amino-acyl tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the addition of amino acid to the acceptor stem…

Q: Retinoblastoma is an extremely rare cancer of the retina in the eye. The disease mainly affects…

A: The investigation into retinoblastoma, a uncommon eye cancer fundamentally influencing children,…

Q: Will the exon missense mutations be more likely to be transitions or transversions? Define both in…

A: Introduction  A mutation is a change that occurs in the DNA sequence of an organism. DNA…

Q: You are studying a mutation in mice, which acts dominantly. Mice that have only one copy of the…

A: Definition Mutations are changes in DNA sequence. it can result from DNA copying mistakes , made…

Q: a. What is(are) the difference(s) between orthologs and paralogs? b. What are the main sources of…

A: Orthologs are homologs from different species that catalyse the same enzyme, while paralogs are…

Q: a. Identify the sequence that was mutated by the scientists and explain your reasoning. b. What…

A: Ans) a)A mutant protein is the protein product encoded by a gene with mutation. Mutated protein can…

Q: As we described in class, in the early 1960's Francis Crick and colleagues set out to determine how…

A: Introduction  Genetic code   The sequence of bases that encodes a functional protein molecule is…

Q: In humans, the average length of a gene on chromosome 7 is 69,000 base pairs, but the average mRNA…

A: DNA( deoxyribonucleic acid) is the double-stranded molecule that is the genetic material in most…

Q: Based on Figure 17-35, write a sentence stating howtranslocation can lead to cancer. Can you think…

A: Translocations were discovered cytologically for the first time in the late nineteenth and early…

Q: In Figure 6-1,a. what do the yellow stars represent?b. explain in your own words why the…

A: Each gene has two copies, also known as alleles, where each allele contributes 50% to the protein…

Q: yeast cells, telomerase remains active and maintains telomeres of about 300 base pairs. Propose what…

A: The end areas of chromosomes are called telomeres , are repetitive sequence that protect gene from…

Q: . Let’s say that you have incredible skill and can isolate the white and red patches of tissue from…

A: Mutation It can occur due to errors in DNA copying during cell division, ionising radiation…

Q: The following figure shows a screen shot  from the UCSC Genome Browser, focusing  on a region of the…

A: Bioinformatics is the study of biological data through computation, storage, and interpretation.…

Q: Look at Figure 17-22 and state which bands are missing in the cri du chat deletion.

A: Cri-du-chat syndrome- It is also known by the name of 5p-syndrome, It is basically a chromosomal…

Q: Scientists are working to develop gene therapy to treat Batten disease, also known as Late Infantile…

A: Batten disease is also known as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Batten disease is an autosomal…

Q: Question 6: How many amino acids are present in the wild-type human B-globin protein? = exons -…

A: Beta-globin is a subunit of hemoglobin, which is located inside red blood cells. In adults,…

Q: The CRISPR-Cas9 system may be able to be used for somatic gene therapy to treat terminal genetic…

A: Mutation: Normal DNA contains a particular sequence of DNA. If the sequence of DNA is changed due to…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.