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- Describe the molecular mechanisms of hippocampal LTD at the introduction level (Introduction to Neuroscience College Level). Provide diagrams from the web or from a textbook or a website to complement your explanation.Explain how the signal transmission at a synapse in an individual with Parkinson's disease is different than an unaffected individual. List the steps involved in an action potential moving from the axon terminal of the pre-synaptic neuron to the dendrites of the post-synaptic neuron. Explain how the process is different in individuals affected with Parkinson's disease.Discuss and detail the two major sleep types as defined by brain wave patterns as measured by EEG.
- Describe two ways in which long term memory can be organized. Provide one characterizing example for each way of the memory organization. Explain two design implications out of the seven based on knowledge of long term memory.In the past, aspiring London taxicab drivers underwent a rigorous education that required them to learn the location of about 25,000 streets in the city. The average posterior hippocampus of London cabbies, as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging, was larger than that in a comparable group of London bus operators, who follow a fixed route and so do not have to learn a detailed map of the city (Maguire et al. 2000). In addition, the more years of taxi driving, the larger the posterior hippocampus (Maguire et al. 2006). What does this research tell us about the interplay of the environment and genetics in the development of adaptive navigational skills in human beings? Please don't write from any online source.Draw EEG records that show alpha and beta rhythms, the stages of NREM sleep, and REM sleep. Indicate the characteristic wave frequencies of each.
- Describe evidence showing that the hippocampus is involved in the consolidation of short-termmemory. After long-term memory is established, why may there be no need for hippocampal involvement?Limbic System, Emotion, Reward, and Addiction List the effects of amygdala lesions at the introduction level (Introduction to Neuroscience College Level). Provide many of your own digital or handwritten diagrams to complement your explanation.Based on the attached figure (Fig. 18.7B in the textbook), what would an increase in activation of D1 receptor-expressing spiny neurons in the striatum cause in downstream basal ganglia structures? Direct and indirect pathways Substantia D1 nigra pars D2 compacta (transient) Frontal cortex Cerebral cortex (transient) + (transient) + (transient) Caudate/putamen VA/VL complex of thalamus (transient) (transient) Globus pallidus, Globus pallidus, external segment internal segment 0 (tonic) (tonic) + (transient) Subthalamic nucleus OA. decreased activity in the globus pallidus external segment (GPe B. decreased activity in the cortex C. increased activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) D. decreased activity in the thalamus E. decreased activity in the globus pallidus internal segment (GPI) Parafascicular nucleus
- What is the evidence that LTP in the hippocampus contributes to spatial learning and memory?If you begin an EEG recording of brain wave patterns a few hours before someone wakes up starting when they are in deep sleep, what is the most likely pattern of waves you’re going to see from deep sleep to waking? Beta, Theta, Theta interrupted by K-complexes, then Delta Delta, Theta interrupted by K-complexes, Theta, then Beta Theta interrupted by K-complexes, Delta, Theta, then Beta Beta, Theta interrupted by K-complexes, Theta, then DeltaBriefly describe 5 examples of brain asymmetry (2 points each) Don't copy from Google