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In the past, aspiring London taxicab drivers underwent a rigorous education that required them to learn the location of about 25,000 streets in the city. The average posterior hippocampus of London cabbies, as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging, was larger than that in a comparable group of London bus operators, who follow a fixed route and so do not have to learn a detailed map of the city (Maguire et al. 2000). In addition, the more years of taxi driving, the larger the posterior hippocampus (Maguire et al. 2006). What does this research tell us about the interplay of the environment and genetics in the development of adaptive navigational skills in human beings?
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