Renal tubule cells in the kidney medulla are constantly exposed to high extracellular osmolirity. How do they maintain normal cell volume?

Q: There is a medical condition called Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone (SIADH)…

A: Syndrome of excessive antidiuretic hormone secretion causes your body to retain water instead of…

Q: How is osmolality different from molarity and what will be the osmolality of the body fluids.? How…

A: We will first discuss the difference between osmolality and molarity of a solution. Osmolality is…

Q: What would happen to filtrate osmolarity if the descending limb was NOT permeable to water?

A: The descending loop of henle i.e., descending limb is permeable to water so that the diffusion…

Q: What causes isotonic imbalance?

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Q: The mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by…

A: Introduction Human body contain a pair of kidney which act as excretory organ in our body. Each…

Q: Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Which of the following is/are true about…

A: The antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also known as vasopressin is a chemical secretion of the hypothalamus…

Q: Mention the difference between overhydration, dehydration, and imbalane of osmotic fluid. Atleast 2…

A: Introduction: In a day, the amount of water may increase or decrease in the body.  The body…

Q: Why is excretion important in order to achieve osmotic balance?

A: Excretion- It is a process by which the body's metabolic waste is eliminated out from an organism's…

Q: A marine ray (a euryhaline, osmoconforming, ionoregulator) moves its way from seawater to…

A: Introduction  A marine ray is a type of cartilaginous fish that belongs to the family of rays, which…

Q: What would happen to plasma and urine osmolarity and urinevolume in a patient with a lung tumor that…

A: Osmolarity of body fluid is it measure of  its  solute/water ratio. The osmolality of serum, urine,…

Q: the kidney does ADH act to restore osmolarity to homeostatic values (280-300mOsm)

A: Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) or Vasopressin hormone is released from the neuro-secretory cells of the…

Q: Why would it be dangerous to administer intravenous fluids that do not have an osmotic pressure…

A: Osmosis is the process of movement of water molecules via a semipermeable membrane, through a…

Q: How do you promote cellular regulation in a patient with impaired kidney

A: The objective of the question is to understand the strategies to promote cellular regulation in a…

Q: Why does sweating cause both a decrease in extracellular volume andan increase in body fluid…

A: Dehydration is a net loss of water that results in insufficient water in blood and other tissues.…

Q: During severe exertion in a hot environment, a person can lose up to 4 liters of sweat per hour (…

A: Sweating is the main source of loss of water during a a period of strenuous exercise or eve during…

Q: Contrast osmoconformers and osmoregulators.

A: Osmolarity measures the amount of dissolved ions in water. In animals with blood cells, osmolarity…

Q: Within the proximal tubule, glucose is transported out of the tubule via: Passive diffusion…

A: Introduction: The renal system also referred to as the urinary system, comprises the ureters,…

Q: We noted that a typical young, healthy human filters about 180 L of fluid per day through all of the…

A: A typical young, healthy human filters about 180 L of fluid per day through all of the glomeruli of…

Q: Reabsorption involves what two methods of transport? Describe each. What determines which route a…

A: The process of movement of solutes and water out of the filtrate and back into your bloodstream is…

Q: The renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is…

A: GivenDrug reabsorption is negligible.

Q: Describe how the body adjusts the urine volume and concentration when plasma osmolarity is higher…

A: The normal plasma osmolality range is about 275-299 milli-osmoles per kilogram. Plasma osmolarity…

Q: Mr. White has chronic hypertension which has developed into end-stage renal disease. His symptoms…

A: Chronic hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term condition where the blood…

Q: Considering the equation for renal clearance: UV C = C =F, if the concentration of a substance in 4.…

A: The basic unit of the bean-shaped organ called the kidney is the nephron. It is the organ of the…

Q: How does ADH affect the amount of water in the body,and how does it accomplish this? How does this…

A: Antidiuretic hormone, also called Vasopressin, is the hormone synthesised by hypothalamus in the…

Q: Certain diseases, kidney trauma, heavy metals, and some bacterial toxins can damage the filtration…

A: Filtration of blood is the primary step in urine formation in the nephron. It is carried out by a…

Q: Differentiate transport maxima and gradient-time limited transport in proximal tubule

A: Transport in the proximal tubule of the kidney can be classified into two categories: transport…

Q: Why is this process considered secondary active transport? Does water reabsorption accompany ion…

A: Reabsorption: Some substances are reabsorbed in the body, already they are absorbed once in the…

Q: The nephron has a transporter protein to reabsorb glucose, what will occur if this transporter…

A: Nephrons are the functional unit of kidneys. Each nephron contains a glomerulus and a tubule. The…

Q: ADH, by itself, cannot reduce an increase in osmolality in body fluids. Why not? What other…

A: Introduction: Healthy individuals can maintain the body fluid's osmolarity. Increase in osmolarity…

Q: What is the difference between filtration and reabsorption? Explain how hydrostatic, osmotic (or…

A: Ans. A nephron is a tiny or microscopic anatomical and functional part of the kidney. Its structure…

Q: in a healthy adult which of the following will pass through the filtration membrane and become part…

A: There are different organ systems present in the human body. The excretory system is one of the…

Q: Sodium-Potassium Pumps (N+/K+ ATPase) are fundamental to your body’s physiological function. What is…

A: The sodium-potassium pump, also known as Na+/K+ ATPase, is an essential membrane protein found in…

Q: What osmolality of filtrate entering the DCT?

A: The urinary system help in the elimination of waste substances from the body in the form of urine.…