Explain how temperature and pH affect enzyme activity from a biochemical standpoint. What are the changes in enzymes caused by these physical factors? 2. Enzymes perform best at 37C, which is the average cell temperature. What does this say about the significance of controlling one's body temperature?

1. Myasthenia Gravis is a disease in which the patients have a deficiency of ACh receptors in their skeletal muscles, The result is a weakening of muscle function, How and why would the administartion of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEl) improve muscle function in these patients?  2. List and describe the distinctly functions of ATP during muscle contractions.

4. The reaction shown below is part of the glycolytic pathway. The standard free energy change for this reaction is +0.4 kcal'mol. Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) > Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) A) What is K,' for this reaction at 25°C?

2. One role of ATP is to facilitate reactions that would not occur spontaneously. The three phosphate groups are electron rich and tend to repel each other. Therefore, ATP is a bit like a compressed spring, ready to kick off one phosphate group releasing energy. Consider: Glutamic acid + NH3 ---> Glutamine ATP ---> ADP + Pi delta G= 3.4 kcal/mol delta G= -7.3 kcal/mol a. Synthesizing glutamine is endergonic and so not spontaneous. How would having these two reactions occur at the same time (likely by having an enzyme add a phosphate group from ATP to phosphorylate glutamic acid) energetically help with glutamine production? b. What is delta G for the combined reactions? c. Draw a simple energy diagram (showing energy of reactants and products) that shows why the glutamine reaction is not spontaneous. Then draw an energy diagram for the coupled reactions that shows why the combined reaction is favorable. d. Name a few of the biological processes in the body that require ATP?