Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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What is the major difference between bacterial ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes that makes it possible to target bacterial ribosomes without harming our own cells?
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- the difference in primary structure between related tropomyosin informs arises from a) alternative splicing b) C-to-U editing c) farnesylation d) H3K4 methylation e) targetting to secretory vesiclesarrow_forwardYou plan to synthesize a peptide to be used as a vaccine to treat melanoma, a particularly aggressive form of skin cancer. Normally, gp100, a protein on the surface of melanocytes, activates cell growth when it is bound by its ligand. Activation of the growth pathway depends on the presence of threonine in the ligand. The effective peptide vaccine will mimic the natural ligand, but won’t cause cell growth and division. Below is the sequence of the natural ligand: LDMKTAG In order to ensure your newly designed peptide vaccine does not cause cell growth upon binding, you must substitute the Threonine residue at position 5. What amino acid would you replace it with, bearing in mind that the peptide should still be similar enough to bind to the gp100 protein in the surface of melanocytes. Explain your choice. Your vaccine will be administered as a topical cream, and you require your peptide to have an overall neutral charge in order to be functional. At what pH should you formulate…arrow_forwardQ. Cro protein expression and activity may be activated in a prophage by a)lysogenic dominance b)rapid growth of a healthy cell c)repair of damaged cellular DNA d)presence of glucose in the environment alternate exon splicing of mRNAarrow_forward
- In prokaryotes, after the ribosomes completes a synthesis, one would expect to find a) a new protein molecule to appear in the nucleus, b) new DNA inside the cell nucleoid, c) an increase in the amount of protein (enzyme) in the cytoplasm, d) ribosome binding to DNA, e) none are possible.arrow_forwardConsider two different proteins that are leaving from the Golgi in order to arrive in their common destination, a lysosome. In order for these two different proteins to be sent to the same place, what should they have in common? A) They must have the same primary structure B) They must have been imported into the cell by endocytosis. C) They must have the same tertiary structure D) They probably have the same glycosylation pattern. ..arrow_forwardMost antibacterial drugs disrupt or destroy prokaryotic cellular structures or processes that are different than those of eukaryotic cells or may not even be present in eukaryotic cells. List and describe at least three prokaryotic cellular features that could be targeted to inhibit or kill a bacterial pathogen without harming its eukaryotic host.arrow_forward
- Many microbes (as well as other organisms) produce antibiotics. A natural compound produced by one organism that inhibits or kills another unrelated organism is commonly defined as an antibiotic. Thousands of antibiotics have been identified and characterized. Antibiotics prevent virtually every step in the Central Dogma of bacteria. Rifampicin, for example, inhibits transcription while streptomycin inhibits translation. However, no antibiotic has ever been discovered that directly affects DNA replication by inhibiting the action of DNA polymerases. "Why not?"arrow_forwardAll except which of the following are compared when looking at the sequence analysis of ribosomal components in microorganism as a way to determine relatedness? a)ribosomal amino acid sequence b)rRNA sequence c) rDNA sequence d) antibotic resistancearrow_forwardTranscription and translation can occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm of a prokaryote. O 1) True O 2) Falsearrow_forward
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