Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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![**Question:**
During the citric acid cycle, 3 NADH and 1 FADH₂ molecules are formed. How many electrons are carried in these four carriers?
**Options:**
- 10
- 5
- 8
- 7
- 4
**Explanation:**
In the citric acid cycle, each NADH molecule can carry 2 electrons, and each FADH₂ molecule also carries 2 electrons. Therefore, the total number of electrons carried by these four carriers is:
\[
(3 \, \text{NADH} \times 2 \, \text{electrons}) + (1 \, \text{FADH₂} \times 2 \, \text{electrons}) = 6 + 2 = 8 \, \text{electrons}
\]
Thus, the correct answer is 8.](https://content.bartleby.com/qna-images/question/f5c7587d-60b6-48ba-8c1a-ab4a0a8fbdbd/7762fb86-402b-4837-b813-6acf835484c8/zab0hz_processed.jpeg)
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:**
During the citric acid cycle, 3 NADH and 1 FADH₂ molecules are formed. How many electrons are carried in these four carriers?
**Options:**
- 10
- 5
- 8
- 7
- 4
**Explanation:**
In the citric acid cycle, each NADH molecule can carry 2 electrons, and each FADH₂ molecule also carries 2 electrons. Therefore, the total number of electrons carried by these four carriers is:
\[
(3 \, \text{NADH} \times 2 \, \text{electrons}) + (1 \, \text{FADH₂} \times 2 \, \text{electrons}) = 6 + 2 = 8 \, \text{electrons}
\]
Thus, the correct answer is 8.
Expert Solution
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Introduction
Aerobic cellular respiration is a set of three basic metabolic processes that occur in cells to generate energy (ATP). The following are the three metabolic pathways in order:
- Glycolysis
- Citric acid cycle
- Electron transport chain (ETC)
In aerobic respiration, processes take place in the presence of oxygen, and the citric acid cycle is one of the most important pathways, yielding ATP, GTP, NADH, and FADH2 molecules. The electron transport chain uses the NADH and FADH2 molecules to make additional ATP that may be used by the body for normal and physiological functions.
The citric acid cycle is a cyclic mechanism that starts with acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate and ends with oxaloacetate being regenerated.
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- Which of the following statements about the aerobic respiration of a molecule of glucose is FALSE? O It requires pathways and membrane complexes in both the cytosol and mitochondria in eukaryotes. O 34 molecules of ATP are generated by oxidative phosphorylation. O It requires pathways and membrane complexes in the cytosol and plasma membrane in prokaryotes. O It can generate 38 molecules of ATP in prokaryotes. O 12 molecules of ATP are generated by substrate-level phosphorylation.arrow_forwardin steps 3 and 5 of the citric acid cycle, the compounds are shortended by one carbon each time. whst is the form of this one-carbon compound? what happens to it in the body?arrow_forwardWhat essential compound is produced in the pentose phosphate pathway that is needed for synthesis as well as for defense against oxidative damages? NADH AMP ADP FADH2 NADH ATParrow_forward
- All the enzymes that participate in the citric acid cycle are located in the mitochondrial matrix, except for which enzyme? 1. aconitase 2. succinate dehydrogenase 3. fumarase 4. malate dehydrogenasearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true regarding metabolic pathways? NAD+ is used as a most commonly in anabolic pathways while NADPH is used most commonly in catabolic pathways. none of the answers choices are correct. catabolic pathways use a wide variety of substrates to produce a small number of waste products. O atabolic pathways are generally reductive while anabolic pathways are generally oxidativearrow_forwardWhy is it reasonable for excess NADH to negatively regulate the citric acid cycle?arrow_forward
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- What would be a likely consequence if step 4 of the citric acid cycle no longer operated far from equilibrium, and instead occurred near equilibrium? the step would need to be coupled to ATP hydrolysis none of these possibilities are likely this step would no longer be a highly regulated step the reaction would no longer occurarrow_forwardWhat one carbon waste product of cellular respiration is formed as the 3 carbon product of glycolysis enters the mitochondria and becomes a 2 carbon Acetyl CoA?arrow_forwardAssume that the following fatty acid is synthesized from acetyl-CoA in the cytosol by fatty acidsynthase. Which of the following statements is true? The last two carbon atoms that are added to the fatty acid are carbon atoms #15 and #16 Synthesis of the fatty acid needs 8 molecules of NADPH + H+ Both A and B Neither A nor Barrow_forward
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