Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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How many carbons from 13 glucose molecules enter the Krebs (TCA) cycle in the absence of oxygen?
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- What two coenzymes are involved with initial events of the electron-transport chain?arrow_forwardHow many enzymes are involved in the citric acid cycle?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the Krebs Cycle is true? There may be more than one answer. Select any and all that apply. It is a linear 10 step pathway It generates ATP molecules directly through oxidative phosphorylation It produces two molecules of carbon dioxide It begins with acetyl coenzyme A and oxaloacetate combining It converts glucose to carbon dioxide It is a point of entry for the products of amino acid catabolism to be converted into energy It is an anaerobic process that produces molecules for an aerobic process that comes later The first step is the breakdown of glucose into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatearrow_forward
- Where does the citric acid cycle take place in the cells of eukaryotic organisms? Mitochondrial matrix Mitochondrial intermembrane space Mitochondrial inner membrane Cytoplasmarrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE about cytochrome c protein? As a part of the ETC chain, it changes conformation to allow H+ ions to flow out of the matrix. It is found on the surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane and, therefore, contains start-transfer and/or stop-transfer sequences. With assistance from Bax, it can move out of the mitochondria and into the cytosol. It is considered a symporter because it is involved in electron transport. It is able to puncture holes in the plasma membrane to initiate apoptosis.arrow_forwardDescribe how a) Mean Arterial Pressure, b) Maximal Oxygen Consumption, and c) Blood Flow are determined using its formula. In addition, you should explain what those factors are including cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, resistance, a-vO2 difference, etc. Describe how many ATPs can be generated by complete cycles of beta oxidation of free fatty acid with 20 carbons. You should indicate how many cycles of beta oxidation and Krebs cycle, and total number of products as wellarrow_forward
- name the remaining 4 carbon molecules of the TCA cycle?arrow_forwardWhat is the yield of products for each "glucose" molecule that enters the citric acid cycle?arrow_forwardIf 100% of the free energy from the metabolism of glucose is used for the conversion of ADP to ATP, how manymolecules of ATP can be produced from each gram of glucose (mm = 180.16)?arrow_forward
- The four complexes of the electron transport chain use the energy of electrons stored in reducing agents to create a concentration gradient of protons (H*) across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Give the number of protons pumped into the intermembrane space by each of the four complexes: complex I: complex II: complex III: complex IV:arrow_forwardFrom one molecule of glucose, calculate the number of carbon atoms that are lost in Kreb’s cycle. Where do they go? How many turns of Kreb’s cycle are needed to process one glucose molecule?arrow_forwarda) What carbon-containing molecule exits the citric acid cycle? Why doesn’t your body capture the carbon-containing molecule you identified in part (a) and use that molecule to build new sugars and fats? Explain your answer. You have just created a new enzyme that will make the citric acid cycle more efficient! Instead of the citric acid cycle taking 8 steps, all of the bonds between the carbon atoms will be broken in only one step! Is this a good idea? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
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