DNA ReplicationWhy cells replicateHow to create a complementary DNA strandWhat enzymes are?Know the enzymes: DNA polymerase, helicase, primase, and DNA ligaseVocabulary: replication fork, semiconservative, and complementary strandThe steps of DNA replicationTranscriptionKnow the central dogmaWhere transcription takes placeWhat proteins are used forKnow how to make a complementary MRNA strand from DNAEnzymes: RNA polymeraseVocabulary: promoterThe steps of transcription (initiation, elongation, and termination)What is the outcome of transcription?TranslationWhere translation takes placeVocabulary: MRNA, IRNA, polypeptide, amino acid, codon, ribosomesKnow the start and stop codonsBe able to go from DNA->MRNA->codons->anticodons->amino acidsKnow the tools for translationThe steps for translationWhat are the steps of protein synthesis?

DNA replication is the process by which cells replicate their DNA. In this process DNA is used as a…

DNA Replication Why cells replicate How to create a complementary DNA strand What enzymes are? Know the enzymes: DNA polymerase, helicase, primase, and DNA ligase Vocabulary: replication fork, semiconservative, and complementary strand The steps of DNA replication Transcription

DNA Replication Why cells replicate How to create a complementary DNA strand What enzymes are? Know the enzymes: DNA polymerase, helicase, primase, and DNA ligase Vocabulary: replication fork, semiconservative, and complementary strand The steps of DNA replication Transcription

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter8: The Structure, Replication, And Chromosomal Organization Of Dna

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 23QP: How does DNA replication occur in a precise manner to ensure that identical genetic information is...

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Concept explainers

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.

Question

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DNA Replication
Why cells replicate
How to create a complementary DNA strand
What enzymes are?
Know the enzymes: DNA polymerase, helicase, primase, and DNA ligase
Vocabulary: replication fork, semiconservative, and complementary strand
The steps of DNA replication
Transcription
Know the central dogma
Where transcription takes place
What proteins are used for
Know how to make a complementary MRNA strand from DNA
Enzymes: RNA polymerase
Vocabulary: promoter
The steps of transcription (initiation, elongation, and termination)
What is the outcome of transcription?
Translation
Where translation takes place
Vocabulary: MRNA, IRNA, polypeptide, amino acid, codon, ribosomes
Know the start and stop codons
Be able to go from DNA->MRNA->codons->anticodons->amino acids
Know the tools for translation
The steps for translation
What are the steps of protein synthesis?

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Match the enzymes involved in DNA replication with their function. Primase [ Choose ] [ Choose] Synthesizes short RNA segment to initiate new DNA strand Helicase Main enzyme that extends RNA primer by adding DNA nucleotides to it Stabilizes single-stranded DNA Relieves over-winding of DNA ahead of the replication fork Removes RNA primers preceding Okazaki fragment and replaces RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides Single-stranded binding proteins Unwinds DNA helix Synthesizes the ends of the linear chromosome Seals nicks between adjacent DNA segments DNA polymerase III [ Choose ] DNA polymerasel [ Choose ] DNA Ligase [ Choose ] Topoisomerase [ Choose ]
Which protein is needed to lay down a segment of RNA complementary to the DNA before replication can begin? O RNA pelymerase NI O primase O helicase O DNA polymerase lII O topoisomerase
During DNA replication, the function of RNA primers is to Group of answer choices serve as a binding site for DNA ligase separate the two strands of the double helix to open replication "bubbles" serve as starting points for DNA strand elongation by DNA polymerase in the 3' - 5' direction prevent new-separated strands of DNA from rejoining serve as starting points for DNA strand elongation in the 5' - 3' direction by DNA polymerase
You are studying replication and isolate the molecules needed to replicate DNA. You mix the molecules together with some DNA, replication occurs but each DNA molecule consists of a normal strands except you notice that there are small RNA molecules in both strands. What did you leave out? DNA Polymerase I DNA Polymerase III Primase Ligase None of the choices, I've discovered a new type of replication!!!
A seiee hserved under a microscope, researchers observe that the DNA is able to be SE be replicated. Based on this observation, which protein involved in DNA replication is most likely mutated? To answer the question please: I) draw a scheme of DNA replication; 2) name the proteins that are required for DNA replication; 3) propose the consequences of the process.
Which one is required for elongation step of DNA replication on the lagging strand BUT NOT in leading strand? deoxyribonucleotides O DNA topoisomerase O DNA polymerase O single-strand binding protein O DNA ligase
During DNA replication, one of the new strands of DNA is synthesized continuously, while the other is synthesized as a number of separate fragments of DNA that are subsequently linked by DNA ligase. This is because O replication starts at many points on the chromosome RNA primers only anneal to one of the parental strands of DNA one of the parental strands is unwound slower than the other by helicase DNA polymerase III only synthesizes DNA in the 5' - 3' direction
In what order does initiation of DNA replication proceed (from 1 = first to 4 = last)? DNA polymerase adds nucleotides DNA unwinds at the origin of replication Primase synthesizes RNA primers Helicase opens up replication forks, which extend in both directions
Review Figures 8.12 and 8.13. In cells, the primers for DNA synthesis are short strands of RNA, so each newly-synthesized strand of DNA has a segment of RNA al its 5 end. As replication proceeds, DNA polymerases remove these RNA segments and fill in the resulting gaps with DNA. However, the gaps at the very 5 ends of the new strands cannot be filled in with DNA. Why not? DNA replication leaves exposed about 100 nucleotides al the 5 end of each template strand, and these single-stranded ends are removed. What are the effects of this "end problem" on a cell's DNA as it continues to divide? FIGURE 8.12 DNA replication. Green arrows show the direction of synthesis for each strand. The Y-shaped structure where the DNA molecule is being unwound is called a replication fork. FIGURE 8.13 Discontinuous synthesis of DNA. This close-up of a replication fork shows that only one of the two new DNA strands is assembled continuously. The other is assembled in short segments.
Figure 14.14 You isolate a cell strain in which the joining of Okazaki fragments is impaired and suspect that a mutation has occurred in an enzyme found at the replication fork. Which enzyme is most likely to be mutated?
Replication involves a period of time during which DNA is particularly susceptible to the introduction of mutations. If nucleotides can be incorporated into DNA at a rate of 20 nucleotides/second and the human genome contains 3 billion nucleotides, how long will replication take? How is this time reduced so that replication can take place in a few hours?
DNA strand below: 3’ T A C A T G C C G A A T G C C 5’ Discuss how will replication happen by mentioning the enzyme needed then transcribe to form mRNA. Discuss what will happen to mRNA, then translate, mentioning the anticodon to be used. Look at the genetic code to know what amino acid will become part of the polypeptide chain. 1. Give the discussion of the entire procedure