Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 2VCQ
Figure 14.14 You isolate a cell strain in which the joining of Okazaki fragments is impaired and suspect
that a mutation has occurred in an enzyme found at the replication fork. Which enzyme is most likely to be mutated?
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DNA polymerase occasionally incorporates the wrong nucleotide during DNA replication. If left unrepaired, the base-pair mismatch that results will lead to mutation in the next replication. As part of a template strand, the incorporated wrong base will direct the incorporation of a base complementary to itself, so the bases on both strands of the DNA at that position will now be different from what they were before the mismatch event.
The MER-minus strain of yeast does not have a functional mismatch excision repair system, but it has normal base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair systems.
Which of the following statements is correct about differences in the mutation spectrum between MER-minus and wildtype yeast?
More than one answer is correct.
Options:
More point mutations will arise in MER-minus yeast.
Fewer point mutations will arise in MER-minus yeast as compared with wildtype.
Of the total point mutations that…
You are studying a colony of cells and determine that some of these cells have a mutated DNA polymerase I that results in loss of function of this enzyme.
A) What will the effect of the mutation in DNA polymerase I be on DNA replication? In your answer make sure to describe what would be observed in the leading and lagging strand and explain your reasoning.
B) Will this mutation in DNA polymerase I have an impact on another step in DNA replication? In your answer make sure to indicate whether DNA replication will be impacted or not. If it is not, explain why. If it is impacted, then describe the step that is impacted and name the molecule or enzyme involved.
Which of the followings statements are true about DNA polymerase?
1.) It can only go in one direction, meaning the lagging strand can't be synthesized continuously.
2.) It cannot start a DNA strand from scratch, so another enzyme is needed to create "primers" as a starting point.
3.) It cannot copy epigenetic marks (such as methyl groups) on its own; these must be "copied" onto the daughter DNA strand by other enzymes after DNA replication.
4.) All of the above
Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 14 - Figure 14.10 In eukaryotic cells, DNA and RNA...Ch. 14 - Figure 14.14 You isolate a cell strain in which...Ch. 14 - Figure 14.21 A fr am eshift mutation that results...Ch. 14 - If DNA of a particular species was analyzed and it...Ch. 14 - The experiments by Hershey and Chase helped...Ch. 14 - Bacterial transformation is a major concern in...Ch. 14 - DNA double helix does not have which of the...Ch. 14 - In eukaryotes, what is the DNA wrapped around?...Ch. 14 - Meselson and Stahl's experiments proved that DNA...Ch. 14 - If the sequence of the 5'-3' strand is AATGCTAC,...
Ch. 14 - How did Meselson and Stahl support Watson and...Ch. 14 - Which of the following components is not involved...Ch. 14 - Which of the following does the enzyme primase...Ch. 14 - In which direction does DNA replication take...Ch. 14 - A scientist randomly mutates the DNA of a...Ch. 14 - The ends of the linear chromosomes are maintained...Ch. 14 - Which of the following is not a true statement...Ch. 14 - During proofreading, which of the following...Ch. 14 - The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide...Ch. 14 - A scientist creates fruit fly larvae with a...Ch. 14 - Explain Griffith's transformation experiments What...Ch. 14 - Why were radioactive sulfur and phosphorous used...Ch. 14 - When Chargaffwas performing his experiments, the...Ch. 14 - Provide a brief summary of the Sanger sequencing...Ch. 14 - Describe the structure and complementary base...Ch. 14 - Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome...Ch. 14 - How did the scientific community learn that DNA...Ch. 14 - Imagine the Meselson and Stahl experiments had...Ch. 14 - DNA replication is bidirectional and...Ch. 14 - What are Okazaki fragments and how they are...Ch. 14 - If the rate of replication in a particular...Ch. 14 - Explain the events taking place at the replication...Ch. 14 - What is the role of a primer in DNA replication?...Ch. 14 - Quinolone antibiotics treat bacterial infections...Ch. 14 - How do the linear chromosomes in eukaryotes ensure...Ch. 14 - What is the consequence of mutation of a mismatch...Ch. 14 - An adult with a history of tanning has his genome...
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- Shown below is a long template strand of DNA where lagging strand DNA synthesis is occurring. The short horizontal lines represent two Okazaki fragments that have already been made. In the context of the replication fork, select the letter(d–g) that indicates where primase will synthesize the next RNA primer. Explain why did you choose that location?arrow_forwardHuman Fbh1 helicase is important in the process of DNA replication. When a mutation occurs during the production of Fbh1, the result is a mutant Fbh1 that binds at the replication fork and prevents any helicase protein from attaching to the strand. Based on this information and the image shown, what would happen during DNA replication if this mutant helicase were present? A - Topoisomerase would unwind the DNA and an RNA primer would attach to the DNA molecule and initiate replication. The process would then stop at the blue triangle because helicase is needed to separate the strands of DNA. B - Topoisomerase would unwind the DNA, but then the process would stop at the blue triangle because helicase, the RNA primer, would not be able to attach to the DNA molecule and initiate replication. C - The process would begin at the blue triangle when topoisomerase unwinds the DNA and an RNA primer attaches to the DNA molecule and initiates replication. DNA polymerase would begin the synthesis…arrow_forwardA conditional mutation expresses its mutant phenotype only under certain conditions (the restrictive conditions) and expresses the normal phenotype under other conditions (the permissive conditions). One type of conditional mutation is a temperature-sensitive mutation, which expresses the mutant phenotype only at certain temperatures. Strains of E. coli have been isolated that contain temperature-sensitive mutations in the genes encoding different components of the replication machinery. In each of these strains, the protein produced by the mutated gene is non-functional under the restrictive conditions. These strains are grown under permissive conditions and then abruptly switched to the restrictive condition. After one round of replication under the restrictive condition, the DNA from each strain is isolated and analysed. What characteristics would you expect to see in the DNA isolated from each strain with a temperature-sensitive mutation in its gene that encodes a) DNA…arrow_forward
- A conditional mutation expresses its mutant phenotype only under certain conditions (the restrictive conditions) and expresses the normal phenotype under other conditions (the permissive conditions). One type of conditional mutation is a temperature-sensitive mutation, which expresses the mutant phenotype only at certain temperatures. Strains of E. coli have been isolated that contain temperature-sensitive mutations in genes encoding different components of the replication machinery. In each of these strains, the protein produced by the mutated gene is nonfunctional under the restrictive conditions. You grow these strains under the permissive conditions and then abruptly switch them to the restrictive conditions. After one round of replication under therestrictive conditions, you isolate DNA from each strain and analyze it. What characteristics would you expect to see in the DNA isolated from a strain with a temperature-sensitive mutation in the gene that encodes the following…arrow_forwardA conditional mutation expresses its mutant phenotype only under certain conditions (the restrictive conditions) and expresses the normal phenotype under other conditions (the permissive conditions). One type of conditional mutation is a temperature-sensitive mutation, which expresses the mutant phenotype only at certain temperatures. Strains of E. coli have been isolated that contain temperature-sensitive mutations in genes encoding different components of the replication machinery. In each of these strains, the protein produced by the mutated gene is nonfunctional under the restrictive conditions. You grow these strains under the permissive conditions and then abruptly switch them to the restrictive conditions. After one round of replication under the restrictive conditions, you isolate DNA from each strain and analyze it. What characteristics would you expect to see in the DNA isolated from a strain with a temperature-sensitive mutation in the gene that encodes each of the following…arrow_forwardA conditional mutation expresses its mutant phenotype only under certain conditions (the restrictive conditions) and expresses the normal phenotype under other conditions (the permissive conditions). One type of conditional mutation is a temperature-sensitive mutation, which expresses the mutant phenotype only at certain temperatures. Strains of E. coli have been isolated that contain temperature-sensitive mutations in genes encoding different components of the replication machinery. In each of these strains, the protein produced by the mutated gene is nonfunctional under the restrictive conditions. You grow these strains under the permissive conditions and then abruptly switch them to the restrictive conditions. After one round of replication under therestrictive conditions, you isolate DNA from each strain and analyze it. What characteristics would you expect to see in the DNA isolated from a strain with a temperature-sensitive mutation in the gene that encodes the following…arrow_forward
- A conditional mutation expresses its mutant phenotype only under certain conditions (the restrictive conditions) and expresses the normal phenotype under other conditions (the permissive conditions). One type of conditional mutation is a temperature-sensitive mutation, which expresses the mutant phenotype only at certain temperatures. Strains of E. coli have been isolated that contain temperature-sensitive mutations in genes encoding different components of the replication machinery. In each of these strains, the protein produced by the mutated gene is nonfunctional under the restrictive conditions. You grow these strains under the permissive conditions and then abruptly switch them to the restrictive conditions. After one round of replication under therestrictive conditions, you isolate DNA from each strain and analyze it. What characteristics would you expect to see in the DNA isolated from a strain with a temperature-sensitive mutation in the gene that encodes the following…arrow_forwardShown below is a drawing showing the result of an experiment in which an RNA molecule is allowed to mix with genomic DNA that has been denatured by boiling, and the two molecules are allowed to hybridize. The DNA strand is presumed to be the lighter-shaded one on the top. Note that only one strand of DNA is shown. This result was the first evidence for which of the following processes? a Replication b Transcription c Translation d Splicingarrow_forwardIn the diagram below, the arrow indicates the direction of movement of a replication fork. Replication fork Unwinding (a) Which template strand (top or bottom) is the lead strand? (b) Which strand (top or bottom) would you expect to find the Okazaki fragments? Bottom; Top Bottom; Bottom O Top; Top O Top; Bottomarrow_forward
- Whether the statement "In E. coli, where the replication fork travels at 500 nucleotide pairs per second, the DNA ahead of the fork-in the absence of topoisomerase-would have to rotate at nearly 3000 revolutions per minute" is true or false.arrow_forwardIn the scenario where a single strand break occurs in the DNA replication fork: a) What would happen if RecC failed to bind to the chi site? Explain briefly and draw out the step at which recombinational DNA repair would stall. b) What would happen if RecA failed to bind DNA? Explain briefly and draw out the step at which recombinational DNA repair would stall. c) Draw the resolved product of this Holliday junction if it's cleaved in the direction of the white triangles. Is the result a heteroplex or recombinant? A Strand Invasion Ⓒ Holliday Junction A Resolvearrow_forwardIf deoxyribonucleotides that lack the 3’-OH groups are added during the replication process, what do you expect will occur?arrow_forward
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