Discuss the events in an action potential that are generated in cardiac contractile cells.

Q: A patient has tachycardia. Would you recommend a drug that prolongsor shortens the plateau of…

A: Tachycardia is a condition that makes our heart beat more than 100 times per minute. There are three…

Q: What are Cardiac Action Potentials?

A: Unlike the action potential in skeletal muscle cells, the cardiac nerve impulse isn't initiated by…

Q: Trace the biochemical electrical pathways that result in cardiac conduction

A: The collection of specialized cardiac myocytes located in the heart walls that send electrical…

Q: Describe the association of ECG tracings with electrical events occurring in the heart

A: An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a recording of the heart’s electrical activity as a graph over…

Q: Should epinephrine or acetylcholine alter the rate of contraction of separated pieces of cardiac…

A: Neuotransmitters include epinephrine and acetylcholine. They work on beta and muscaric receptors,…

Q: Explain, using diagrams where appropriate, the sequence of events in a cardiac cycle

A: Introduction  The organ that pumps blood throughout our bodies is the heart, which is around the…

Q: Given heart rate = 72 bpm, stroke volume = 70 mL, calculate cardiac output.

A: Stroke volume: All the blood from body enters into right atrium from where it is pumped into right…

Q: Explain the electrical events that generate each portion of the electrocardiogram.  How do they…

A: Heart conduction is necessary for blood regulation. As these conduction activities are related to…

Q: Compare the action potentials of contractile cardiac muscle. autorhythmic cardiac muscle and…

A: In cardiac muscles, the action potential is initiated by the sinoatrial node that travels down the…

Q: Discuss the regulation of cardiac output during exercise.

A: The cells are the primary unit of life. The cells form the tissues which collectively form an organ.…

Q: In ECG, P and QRS waves represent what types of heart electrophysiological activity? Draw and speak.…

A: The circulatory patterns are of two types - open or closed. The open circulatory system is present…

Q: The conductance of which ion results in phase 2 characteristics in a ventricular myocyte action…

A: The non-pacemaker cardiac action potentials include the atrial and ventricular myocytes and Purkinje…

Q: What initiates action potentials in cardiac muscle?

A: Generation of action potential activates the neuron during the generation of stimuli. It is studied…

Q: Based on the concentration gradient of sodium, potassium, and calcium in cardiac myocytes, which of…

A: In a cell, the plasma membrane separates the internal environment (cytoplasm) from the external…

Q: Define the term isovolumetric ventricular relaxation?

A: The term isovolumetric ventricular relaxation (IVR) is related to the cardiac cycle. The cycle…

Q: Autorhythmic cells in the SA node intrinsically fire at a rate of 90 action potentials per minute.…

A: The heart is a major muscular organ of the cardiovascular system that is responsible for pumping the…

Q: Briefly describe the events of excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle cells.

A: Cardiac muscles are also called myocardium, which is a type of muscle in the body that is…

Q: Compare and contrast the molecular events of the action potential in the pacemaker cells of the SA…

A: The action potential is a crucial physiological process that occurs in both pacemaker cells of the…

Q: Discuss Mechanical Events of the Cardiac Cycle?

A: The human heart contracts 72 times per minute at rest. During each heart beat, the heart chambers…

Q: Predict the consequences for the heart’s pumping effectiveness ifnumerous ectopic foci in the…

A: Ectopic foci are abnormal pacemaker sites outside the sinoatrial node.

Q: Cells in the body have the ability to undergo a transiet depolarization and repolarization. A. Plot…

A: The heart contracts and relaxes to pump blood throughout the body. The contraction is controlled by…

Q: Explain differences between action potentials of cardiac muscle cells and those in nodal cells of…

A: On the surface of the heart, muscle fibers are arranged to form a fused interconnected mass termed a…

Q: Another disease slows the rate of production of cAMP in both contractile and pacemaker cardiac…

A: There are three different kinds of muscle tissues in vertebrates: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle,…

Q: Describe the main theories for the termination of calcium sparks in the cardiac muscle excitation…

A: The answer is well explained above

Q: splanchnic, cutaneous, and skeletal muscle vascular beds during sustained exercise (distance

A: The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in a minute is called as the cardiac output. It's…

Q: Contrast action potentials in ventricular muscle cells with SA node action potentials.

A: A fast, sudden, propagating and transitory change of the muscle and nerve cell's resting membrane…

Q: list in sequence the components of the elctrical conducting system of the human heart

A: A pump of muscle tissue consists of a heart and a supply of energy and oxygen is required for the…

Q: Cardiac output is determined by what two variables ? preload and afterload end - diastolic volume…

A: Cardiac output, otherwise called heart output, is a term utilized in heart physiology that portrays…

Q: Why is the rate of cardiac muscle relaxation faster when a positive inotropic agent is present?

A: Inotropic agents refer to those substances that either increase or decrease the force of contraction…

Q: Describe the anatomy of movement of the wave of cell depolarization throughout the heart during the…

A: The cardiac cycle:It is comprised of a whole relaxation and contraction of both the atrium and…

Q: Explain the major mechanisms involved in regulation of cardiac performance.

A: Heart-  The heart is a muscular organ located near the center of the chest cavity. The heart is…

Q: Can you tell if an ECG is showing depolarization or repolarization simple by looking at the shape of…

A: An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is used to detect cardiovascular abnormalities. It measures the…

Q: Explain why Purkinje fibers conduct action potentials morerapidly than other cardiac muscle cells

A: Purkinje fibers are components of the heart's advanced conduction system, which guarantees that an…

Q: When the SA node doesn’t function properly, the AV node takes over pacing the heart and produces…

A: In the ecg of the individuals with junctional rhythm , P waves is not seen . This is because the…

Q: raw a ventricular muscle cell action potential in the figure below. Briefly describe the changes in…

A: Similar to skeletal muscle, the resting membrane potential of ventricular cells, is around -90…

Q: he strength of a peripheral pulse is

A: Pulse is the rhythmic dilation of an artery caused by the heart's pounding. The arteries of the…