Crickets have colonized each island in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Geological data indicates that Kauai is the oldest island in the chain and Hawaii is the youngest. Researchers hypothesized that crickets sequentially colonized islands as they rose out of the ocean and created a cladogram based on molecular relationships to test this idea.  1) Mark & label (as “MRCA”) the most recent common ancestor for all crickets on the island of Kauai. 2) Molokai is roughly equally distant from Oahu as Maui, but not equally related. Are Molokai crickets more closely related to those on Oahu or Maui?

Q: When presenting a phylogenetic tree, researchers will often  indicate the level of bootstrap support…

A: Bootstrap values in a phylogenetic tree indicate how many times, out of 100, the same branch is…

Q: Steven Frank and Laurence Hurst argued that a cytoplasmically inherited mutation in humans that has…

A: The mutation is the sudden deleterious effects in the DNA sequences, they can arise when the DNA is…

Q: Below are six faces. Each face represents a species. Seven characters are listed in the table, along…

A: Introduction :  A genetically determined characteristic or condition is known as trait. It is the…

Q: In the example below, the letters represent amino acids that make up a polypeptide found in all the…

A: A cladogram is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.

Q: Notice that a couple of things are different from the previous charts. Firstly, the derived traits…

A: Maximum parsimony method is based upon the principle of minimum number of steps. The correct tree is…

Q: Construct the data matrix rom the DNA sequence lata from the 5 taxa. Hint: there are three variable…

A: We are given Different Taxon with the nucleotide sequences. We need to prepare a matrix and find out…

Q: The tree below shows the relationship between 4 species. The fossil calibration point is 13 million…

A: To estimate the time since the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of species B and D, we can use the…

Q: Traditionally morphological features are used to construct phylogenic trees of related species. In…

A: Evolution is a continuous process and we are still evolving. Evolution is nothing but adapting to…

Q: The triangles show the inferred origins of "warm-blood" in billfishes and tunas. Knowing that the…

A: The process of maintaining body temperature according to the temperature of atmosphere the process…

Q: From the results of the experiment , explain how we know that the kiwis are more closely related to…

A: Kiwis, emu, moas, and cassowary are all flightless birds belonging to a diverse group called ratite.…

Q: Estimate the phylogeny of these taxa by plotting the changes on each of the three possible…

A: Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species or group from pre-existing related organisms.…

Q: Imagine that Species A and Species B are closely related species. Species A has one hemoglobin gene,…

A: Genes are the functional unit of DNA that is responsible for the production of RNA by the…

Q: Which of the following mutations is only found in Haplogroup F? OT16223C O G16230A O T16304C O…

A: Any kind of change or alteration in the order of DNA nucleotides is called a mutation. Mutations are…

Q: Below are six faces. Each face represents a species, with Species 6 being the outgroup. Seven…

A: Species is a group of organisms which can produce fertile offsprings by reproduction.   When we…

Q: 1. Please examine the character matrix below:. Traits | $ * | 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

A: Evolution means change. It is the study of origin of life.  A phylogenetic tree is used to depict…

Q: Species A X Species B X X Species C X X X Species D X X X Species E X X X X X Species F X X X X X

A: Cladistics approach help us in determining the evolutionary relationship between the various species…

Q: 5. (top or bottom) Species A, B, C, D, and, E are all extant species (living today; not to be…

A: A has the least number of  nucleotide substitutions from the Orthologus human  gene. B and C are…

Q: When I first studied hominin evolution, they had found "Lucy", an Australopithecus afarensis, and…

A: Hominin evolution defines the natural and conduct changes that happened in the transformative…

Q: Suppose species 1, 2, and 3 are endemic to a group of islands (such as the Galápagos) and are all…

A: In biology, it's imperative to know how distinctive species are related to each other so we will…

Q: For the Xenites, consider what appear to be homologies and analogies. Figure out the order of…

A: Evolution is a natural process that includes several changes over many generations in the…

Q: Scientists conducted research to examine the evolutionary relationship between 10 bird species and…

A: GC content varies greatly between different genomic regions in many eukaryotes. A  characteristic of…

Q: Within the field of phylogenetics, what does a “bootstrap value” represent?

A: Introduction: Phylogeny is the study of the organisms with respect to its evolution and the…

Q: Hello, I need help answering number 20(including the sub-parts). Pls and thank you  20. A.)T / F…

A: Frequency-dependent selection occurs when the fitness of a genotype or phenotype in a population…

Q: Is it the case that a phylogeny based on a single gene sequence is usually the same as a phylogeny…

A: Phylogenetic analysis is a modern technique to find out evolutionary relationships and genetic…

Q: What information can be easily shown in a cladogram? Select all that applies. I. Parent-offspring…

A: A cladogram is a graphic that depicts possible relationships between organism groupings. A cladogram…

Q: You become interested in monarch butterfly conservation and begin investigating milkweeds (genus…

A: The initial stage in the construction of a phylogenetic tree involves the meticulous analysis of DNA…

Q: Below is an aligned DNA sequence dataset for three species and their outgroup. Draw the maximum…

A:

Q: b) Align the following sequences (don't just retype). i. ATTGCAGGAT ii. ATTGCTGAAT iii. ACGCTGAAT…

A: Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is aligning more than 2 sequences at a time. The sequences to be…

Q: The Amish community in Eastern Pennsylvania stemmed from a small closed population of around 200…

A: The bottleneck effect is an evolutionary phenomenon where a population reduces significantly to a…

Q: In interpreting a cladogram, (a) we can identify the specific ancestor of each taxon by tracing each…

A: There are many shapes of cladograms but they have certain things in common all have lines that…

Q: Sample Character Taxon Matrix – Crocodylians (difficulty level: moderate, but tedious) Character…

A: Cladograms(phylogenetic trees) are graphical charts that depict the hypothetical correlations…

Q: (B) Australian Bonobos Pima (No. American) Papua New Guinea highland Georgian Uzbek (central Asian)…

A: Phylogenetic tree or the cladogram is constructed on the basis of the similarity among the organism…

Q: Swordtails, platyfish and Poecilia species are incapable of interbreeding with each other but…

A: Biological species defines the ability of two organisms to mate and produce offspring successfully…

Q: Use the data matric provided to draft a phylogenetic tree. Label the outgroup and indicate the…

A: The objective of the question is to construct a phylogenetic tree based on the presence or absence…

Q: cladogram

A: A cladogram is a diagram used to represent a hypothetical relationship between groups of animals,…

Q: Construct a phylogenetic tree with the species and label the traits according to their number (ex.…

A: Given animals are different species of class Mammalia. Their phylogenetic tree is given below:

Q: 4). Reconstruct the phylogeny that most simply and accurately accounts for the distribution of…

A: Phylogenetic tree is an illustration which explains how two species are closely related to each…

Q: On the right is a phylogeny depicting the relationship among eight animal species (A to H). Next to…

A: The idea of a phylogenetic tree evolved from an old idea of a ladder-like development of living…

Q: Study the diagrams below. The diagrams represent four possible phylogenetic trees showing the…

A:

Q: CHARACTERS                        1          2          3          4          5 SPECIES…

A: The cladistic approach is a method of analyzing the evolutionary relationships among a group of…

Q: What is a major problem with morphologically-based analysis of whale placement in a phylogenetic…

A: Using anatomical features, morphological phylogeny infers evolutionary trees. Node: A branching…

Q: Based on the molecular data, which species is most closely related to humans? A) lemur catta (lemur)…

A: Sequence analysis refers to the computational analysis of DNA, RNA and peptide by comparing their…

Q: In the following scenario, what mechanism(s) of evolution appear to be in play? Also from what lake…

A: Adaptation are the heritable changes which help an organism to reproduce and survive in its…

Q: A cladogram used in a comparison of morphology among taxa had equal length branches, but when looked…

A: A diagram that shows evolutionary relationship between different species is known as phylogenetic…

Q: )Approximately how far back in time does the fossil record extend? 3.5 million years 5.0 million…

A: The term "fossil" also refers to any preserved remains of life that are typically older than…

Q: In the table below is a short gene sequence in 4 closely related taxa and an outgroup. Based on…

A: Phylogenetics helps to reconstruct the past by studying the extant taxa with modern tools. It helps…

Q: The phylogenetic tree to the right shows the evolutionary relationships of taxa A – H. The shapes…

A: A phylogenetic tree is a line diagram like a flow chart that represents the evolutionary…

Q: Tree 1 outgroup A Species Outgroup A B с B Number of toes Eye color Tail C outgroup Number of molars…

A: Evolution can be defined as the occurrence of the natural phenomenon in which species develop new…

Q: Figure 1. Maximum Likelihood Tree (branch style: traditional-straight) of Sardinella species…

A: The phylogenetic tree is a tree diagram showing the evolutionary relationships of organisms, how…