Consider a 4-stage pipeline processor. The number of cycles needed by the four instructions I1, 12, 13 and 14 in stages S1, S2, S3 and S4 is shown below- I I I S212 S S S 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 I 1 2 What is the number of cycles needed to execute the following loop? for(i=1 to 2) { 11; 12; 13; 14; }

Consider a 4-stage pipeline processor. The number of cycles needed by the four instructions I1, 12, 13 and 14 in stages S1, S2, S3 and S4 is shown below- I I I S212 S S S 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 I 1 2 What is the number of cycles needed to execute the following loop? for(i=1 to 2) { 11; 12; 13; 14; }

Systems Architecture

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305080195

Author:Stephen D. Burd

Publisher:Stephen D. Burd

Chapter4: Processor Technology And Architecture

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3PE: Processor R is a 64-bit RISC processor with a 2 GHz clock rate. The average instruction requires one...

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consider a CPU that implements two parallel fetch-execute pipelines for superscalar processing. Show the performance improvement over scalar pipeline processing and no-pipeline processing, assuming an instruction cycle similar to figure 4.1 in the Section I B of "Advanced Systems Concepts", i.e.:  a one clock cycle fetch  a two clock cycle decode  a three clock cycle execute and a 200 instruction sequence: Show your work. 7. o pipelining would require _____ clock cycles: 8. A scalar pipeline would require _____ clock cycles: How high is the increase in speed (percentage) compared to no pipelining? 9. A superscalar pipeline with two parallel units would require ______ clock cycles: How high is the increase in speed (percentage) compared to no pipelining?
Pipeline performance. Suppose processor A executes instructions in the following 4 stages (no pipeline), where each stage could run this fast. Compare the performance of a pipelined vs. unpipelined implementation of processor A.IF&ID | 25nsEX | 20nsMem | 40nsWB | 15nsDraw the pipeline diagram to show clock cycles with time. Compare the performance of a pipelined vs. unpipelined implementation of processor A.
Consider a pipeline having 4 phases with a duration of 10, 50, 80, and 20 ns. Calculate the following Non-pipeline execution time for 1 instruction Sequential time for 1000 tasks Pipeline time for 1000 tasks Speed up ratio
The runtimes of the five stages of executing an instruction in a non-pipelined machine are listed below. Instruction Fetch 100ps Instruction Decode 200ps ALU 300ps Memory 300ps Write Back 200ps This is then converted into a pipelined machine M1 using the most critical stage as the cycle time. For a new machine M2, we are allowed to break up exactly one stage into two substages of equal times giving us a six stage pipeline. A1: Discuss in short clear sentences the latency differences between the machines M1 and M2. A2: Discuss in short clear sentences the throughput differences between the machines M1 and M2.
Assume a 5-stage pipelined CPU (IF – ID – MU– EX – WR) requires following time for differentsections: Pipeline stages ----Required time Fetch Unit ---15 nsDecode Unit ---10 nsMemory Unit---- 20 nsExecution Unit---- 8 nsWrite back Unit ----15 ns The maximum delay required to transfer contents from one state to another is 2ns.a) Show the time steps of pipelining stages for the first 10 instructions of a program. Assume thatInstruction-4 is a conditional loop instruction. If the condition is TRUE, CPU runs instructions:7 - 9 twice. Please note that a single-port RAM is used with the system, such that CPU readonly one data from RAM or save only one data to RAM at a time. Calculate the execution timefor the first 10 instructions of a program as well. Assume the condition is evaluated TRUE.
A hypothetical processor has 9 stages of a pipeline as shown in the table below. The first row in the table below shows the pipeline stage number, second row gives the name of each stage, and third row gives the delay of each stage in Nano-seconds. The name of each stage describes the task performed by it. Each stage takes 1 cycle to execute. This processor stores all the register contents in a compressed fashion. After fetching the operands the operands are first decompressed, and before saving the results in register file, the results are first compressed. a)How many cycles are required to execute one instruction on this pipeline? b)How many cycles are required to execute 19 instructions on this pipeline? Assume that no stall cycles occur during the execution of all instructions. c) Assume that all necessary bypass/forwarding circuitry is implemented in this 9 stage pipeline. How many cycles will the pipeline stall during the execution of below given two instructions? Briefly explain…
Suppose without pipelining, a processor takes 100sec to complete execution of 05 instructions, assuming each instruction require same amount of time for execution. If we can have 5 stage ideal pipeline for the same processor, then How much time will it take to complete execution of these 05 instructions? How much speedup we can achieve?
A CPU has an instruction pipeline with the following 4 segments. 1.F1(Fetch Instruction) 2.DA(Decode, Address) 3.FO(Fetch Operand) 4.EX(Execution) D1: Add R1,R2 //R1=R1+R2 Add R4,R1 //R4=R4+R1 Add R4,R3 //R4=R4+R3 Cmp R4,R5 // compare R4 and R5 Jg D1 //if Jump Greater (if R4>R5) Sub R2,R1 //R2=R2-R1 Sub R2,R3 //R2=R2-R3 Jmp D1
Consider a CPU that implements a single instruction fetch–decode–execute–write- back pipeline for scalar processing. The execution unit of this pipeline assumes that the execution stage requires one step. Describe, and show in diagram form, what happens when an instruction that requires one execution step follows one that requires four execution steps.
Let's assume that there are three processors, Pa, Pb, and Pc, like below. You can assume 1-way superscalar, no hyper-threading, and no pipelined for all processors. Pa: 4 GHz clock rate, CPI: 2.2 Pb: 3 GHz clock rate, CPI: 1.5 Pc: 2.5GHz clock rate, CPI: 1.05.1. Show each processors' performance in terms of instruction per second.
What is the theoretical speedup for a four-stage pipeline with a 20ns clock cycle if it is processing 100 tasks?
We begin with a computer implemented in single-cycle implementation. When thestages are split by functionality, the stages do not require exactly the same amount of time. The originalmachine had a clock cycle time of 7 ns. After the stages were split, the measured times were IF, 1 ns; ID,1.5 ns; EX, 1 ns; MEM, 2 ns; and WB, 1.5 ns. The pipeline register delay is 0.1 ns. b) [15]<C.2> If there is a stall every four instructions, what is the CPI of the new machine?c) [10]<C.2> What is the speedup of the pipelined machine over the single-cycle machine?d) [10]<C.2> If the pipelined machine had an infinite number of stages, what would its speedup be overthe single-cycle machine?