Bruno has a capital investment project that could start immediately. The project will require a machine costing $2.4 million. The total discounted value now of the cash inflows from the project will be either $2.6 million or $1.9 million with equal probability. The risk-free rate is 3%. Instead of starting immediately, the project could be delayed until one year from now to gain more market information. Its total discounted cash inflows at that time will be known as either $2.6 million or $1.9 million, with certainty. a) What is the present value of the option to delay?  b) The supplier of the machine has offered to deliver it (if required) in one year's time at a price of only $2 million if Bruno pays a non-refundable deposit now. What is the maximum the firm should pay as a deposit now? What type of real option does this represent for Bruno? Identify the specific components of the option contract.

Cachora Dynamics Corp (CDC) has designed a new integrated circuit that will allow it to enter, if it wishes, the microcomputer field. Otherwise, it can sell its rights for $15 million. If it chooses to build computers, the profitability of this project depends on the company's ability to market them during the first year. Two levels of sales are foreseen as two possible outcomes: selling 10,000 computers in case of low demand, but if it is successful it can sell up to 100,000 units (high demand). The cost of installing the production line is $6 million. The difference between the selling price and the variable cost of each computer is $600. a) Develop a formulation for decision analysis and use the non-probabilistic decision rules: Maximin and Minimax.  b) Assume that the probability of high demand (p) is 50% and for low demand (1 - p) is 50%, apply the probabilistic criteria: Maximum expected value, Minimum loss of opportunity. c) Determine the VEIP.  d) Carry out a sensitivity…

Sachs Brands's defined benefit pension plan specifies annual retirement benefits equal to 1.5% × service years × final year's salary, payable at the end of each year. Angela Davenport was hired by Sachs at the beginning of 2007 and is expected to retire at the end of 2041 after 35 years' service. Her retirement is expected to span 18 years. Davenport's salary is $83,000 at the end of 2021 and the company's actuary projects her salary to be $245,000 at retirement. The actuary's discount rate is 9%. (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, PVA of $1, FVAD of $1 and PVAD of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.) At the beginning of 2022, the pension formula was amended to: 1.60% × Service years × Final year's salary The amendment was made retroactive to apply the increased benefits to prior service years. Required: 1. What is the company's prior service cost at the beginning of 2022 with respect to Davenport after the amendment described above?2. Since the amendment occurred at…

Kualoa Corporation is trying to assess the risk of two possible capital budgeting proposals. The company has developed pessimistic, most likely, and optimistic estimates of the annual cash inflows.  They are given in the following table. The firm's cost of capital is 10 percent. What is the range of the annual cash inflows for Project A?

Quorex is evaluating two mutually exclusive projects. Project A has a net investment of $50,000 and net cash flows over a six-year period of $13,000 per year (NOTE: that project requires a reinvestment with the same cost and cash flow for another six years). Project B has a net investment of $48,500, but its net cash flows of $8,740 per year will occur over a 12-year period. If Quorex has a cost of capital of 14% for these projects, which project, if either, should be chosen, and what is its NPV?

The chart below shows the initial investment and expected yearly payback for Project A and Project B     Project A Project B Initial Investment  $      300,000  $      450,000 Expected Yearly PayBack  $        45,000  $        90,000   For Project A, There has been a change in the expected yearly payback. Years 1 and 2 – you are expecting $45,000 each year. For the next three years, you are expecting $70,000 each year. What would be the average ROI for this alternative?

What is the difference between Maximum Foreseeable Loss(MFL), Probable Maximum Loss(PML), and Estimated Maximum Loss(EML)?   Please use your own word :)

Mary is trying to qualify for a home loan but her lender tells her that her debt-to-income ratio is too high for FHA standards. What can Mary do to qualify for an FHA loan? О Transfer some of her existing debt to one or more credit cards. О Take out an equity line of credit to pay for the down payment. О Pay off one or more of her existing loans, such as a car loan or credit card debt. Decrease her credit score.

Text: We can develop the CSR activities for Nestle company of planting trees and cleaning the lakes. This can be done by partnering with NGOs who are already working in these areas. The company can target several trees to be planted, for example, 100,000 in a quarter and take care of them till growth.  To clean the lake, it can take the help of the National scientist of environmental science and fund the project to clean some of the lakes with the target number of again 50. A long-term solution must be used by them in cleaning the lakes, like stopping the sewage inflow and creating a small recycling plant before throwing water into the water bodies. The government, municipality, NGO, and environmental scientists are the main stakeholders involved.  Here, the competition must not be created, but collaboration was be done between the competitors to help the society. The competitors will be other brands like Unilever and P&G. Progress indicators can be used as the number of trees…

Suppose you have a choice of three projects to choose from. Here the expected profits from these projects under the following economic scenarios: Project Poor/Fair Moderate/Stable Strong/Booming A -200 $400 $700 B -700 600 1200 C 100 500 900 Now suppose the probability of a Poor/Fair economy is 25%, a Moderate/Stableeconomy is 45% and there is a 30% chance for a Strong/Booming economy.A) Setup a decision tree.B) Determine the expected value (EV) for each project. What project shouldbe selected based on the expected value approach? Why?C) Determine the expected value with perfect information about the states ofnature?D) Determine the expected value without perfect information about the states ofnature?E) Determine the expected value of perfect information.