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Briefly describe the three taxa involved in the secondary endosymbiosis and the one taxa that lost mitochondria.
Mitochondria are cellular organelles found in eukaryotic cells, often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. They play a critical role in producing energy (in the form of ATP) through cellular respiration.
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- 1. Why was the great oxygenation event important for mitochondrial development? a) In your own words, define symbiotic. 2. Chloroplasts and mitochondria both contain a circular DNA chromosome, and ribosomes. Why does this evidence support the theory of endosymbiosis as the mechanism for the origin of eukaryotic cells? a) Today, could mitochondria live independently of their eukaryotic cell host? Give two pieces of evidence to support your answer.Explain why the process of endosymbiosis can be viewed asboth an ancient event and a more recent event. What advantages could endosymbiosis give to both the endosymbiontand the host?What is one argument against the idea that the nucleus has also become part of a eukaryotic cell via an endosymbiosis event?
- Which of the following most likely acquired chloroplasts from secondary endosymbiosis?Discuss the hypothesis of serial endosymbiosis and briefly explain some of the evidence that supports it.Under the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of the eukaryotic cell. The ancestor of mitochondria and chloroplasts original became part of mutualism with a larger host cell. Which of the following best explains this mutualism? A) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided specialized reproduction as part of the proto-germ line while the larger host cell provided energy for growth and reproduction. B) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided gene products that could be used by the larger host cell for improved parasitization. C) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided molecular energy in return for protection by the larger host cell. D) The mitochondria and chloroplasts produce toxins that the larger cell utilized to defend itself from other cells mutually increasing the defense of all those involved.
- Which of the following are lines of evidence for endosymbiosis? Inner membranes are similar to plasma membranes of prokaryotes O DNA structure in chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar to that of prokaryotes Mitochondrial ribosomes are more similar to prokaryotic than eukaryotic ribosomes O The DNA found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is very similar to that of prokaryotes.Select all of the following that provide evidence about the support to the Theory of Endosymbiosis. U U U Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA Chloroplasts and mitochondria are present in prokaryotic bacteria Chloroplasts and mitochondria are enclosed in a double membrane Chloroplasts and mitochondria divide by a process that closely resembles binary fission The DNA of chloroplasts and mitochondria is very similar to that of other free-living prokaryotesEndosymbiosis greatly altered eukaryotes as they acquired organelles. In the red algae shown below, the mitochondria is on left (solid lines), the chloroplast is in the middle (dotted lines), and the nucleus is on the right (dashed lines).
- How does serial endosymbiosis explain the origin of chloroplasts?Is protist dna in a nucleus unicellular or multicellular?According to the phylogeny presented in this chapter which protists are in the same eukaryotic supergroup as plants a) green algae b) dinoflagellates c) red algaed both a and c in a lifecycle with alternation of generations multicellular haploid forms alternate with a unicellular haploid forms b unicellular diploid formsc multicellular haploid forms d) multicellular diploid formsWhat are the evidences for secondary endosymbiosis?