Borrelia burgdorferi avoids killing by macrophages, as part of innate immunity, by: O using a SPI-2 TIIISS to prevent phagolysosome fusion O hiding or lacking surface antigens such as LPS or flagella O All of these choices O replicating inside phagosomes and using a SPI-2 TIIISS to prevent phagolysosome fusion

Q: Which of the following statements about innate lymphoid cells is true? (ONE ANSWER)   Require the…

A: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are immune cells that lack a specific antigen receptor but can produce…

Q: IL-12, IFN-y Th1 T-bet IFN-Y Cellule T Th2 IL-4 CD4* naïve IL-4 Stimulation du GATA-3 TCR IL-12…

A: CD4 cells are the glycoproteins found on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells,…

Q: The figure below shows antibodies bound to repetitive epitopes on the surface of a bacterial…

A: Answer: Antibody Antigen reaction : Antibodies are the peptide Y shaped structure which are produced…

Q: To put an end to the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines were developed against the virus and people…

A: Vaccines are antigens or proteins that help in eliciting the host immune response against specific…

Q: Would you predict that TLR-XX is able to recognize other types of Gram-negative bacteria, in…

A: TLRs are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that play an important role in the recognition of…

Q: recent study showed that CYKNK-001 infusions saved a SARS-COV-2 patient. Based on your knowledge of…

A: Natural killer cells are are cytotoxic, granular lymphocytes that are important part of the innate…

Q: 1. "First line of defense barrier" that the pathogen breaches is either or shoop 3 afin of innate…

A: White blood cells or WBC are responsible for protecting our body from foreign pathogens. They are…

Q: Some pathogenic microorganisms encode proteins, such as the Staphylococcus Protein A, that bind to…

A: Microorganisms are those small organisms that are invisible to the normal naked eye and can be seen…

Q: Antibodies are produced by: O Eosinophils O T Cells O Macrophages O B Cells O A Cells

A: Antibody is also known as immunoglobulin is a kind of Y shaped protein which are the specific sites…

Q: From the standpoint of defending the human body, why would it be beneficial for the cells that line…

A: Toll-like (TLR's) receptors are present in the cell membrane, which plays an important role in the…

Q: HELP Immunology question

A: 1. Signal 1: 1. 4. Restriction on MHC Products: Specifically, this refers to the interaction that…

Q: Describe briefly the three effector functions of complement activation that result from the initial…

A:

Q: True or False: In non-disseminated infections, Mycobacterium species are restrained by type-1…

A: In non-disseminated infections Mycobacterium species are restrained by type-1 responses which…

Q: Why is infectious mononucleosis also called the “kissing disease”?

A: Virus is a microorganism that is neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic. This is because the virus…

Q: To block viral reproduction in other cells, the virus-infected cell must secrete production of…

A: Introduction: Immunity is referred to as the host's resistance against any foreign antigen,…

Q: A major outcome in response to the is the production of O complement cascade activation; a MAC in…

A: It is a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and tolerate whatever is…

Q: Which of the following is specific to the immediate events of innate immune system inflammation?…

A: Innate immunity is the immune response that  consist of all defence elements with which an…

Q: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model of the human diseaseMULTIPLE…

A: T cells enter the central nervous system by transporting across the endothelial blood-brain barrier…

Q: Vhich of the following enables almost all cells of the body to be recognized by an individual's…

A: The immune system is a complicated physiological system comprised of several organs, tissues, and…

Q: Over the past year we have endured the Covid-19 pandemic. Accumulating evidence suggests that the…

A: Immmune system is a very important tool for fighting off the infection. The main features of immune…

Q: All of the following general properties describe the adaptive immune response except?

A: When a pathogen invades the body lymphocytes are capable of producing antibodies. These antibodies…

Q: Why are there so many mutations? What are the bacterial defense system differences from SARS-Cov 2…

A: Abrupt changes inside the DNA that may or may not change the amino acids sequence in a protein is…

Q: You are a nurse caring for a patient with a pulmonary (lung) mold infection, The mold represents a…

A: Please Note: Hi! Thanks for your question. As you have posted multiple questions and have not…

Q: Based on the data shown in chart, titled IL-2 Response by Macrophages that express TLR-XX would you…

A: Introduction :- Macrophages are a type of white blood cell, also known as immune cells, that play an…

Q: Neutrophis are not able to present antigens to CD4 T celis even though they are phagorytic bncause…

A: We are supposed to answer one question according to our guidelines. Please repost other questions…

Q: Describe the mechanism of the classical complement pathway and discuss the critical role that the…

A: Introduction :- One of three pathways that activate the complement system, which is part of the…

Q: Approximately 70% of immune system cells are located inthe wall of the lower digestive tract…

A: The gastrointestinal tract also referred as the gut, functions to aid the process of digestion in…

Q: Some Type-II immunopathology mediated autoimmune diseases have manifestations in multiple different…

A: Type-II immunopathology mediated autoimmune diseases are a type of autoimmune disease in which…

Q: Looking at figure , explain how thisphenomenon pertains to allergies.

A: The hapten-carrier phenomenon is seen with many allergies to common household chemicals, and some…

Q: Which of the following is NOT an antibody-mediated mechanism for removal of antigens? O Opsonization…

A: The antigen and antibody work in concert. They play a major role in the immune system. The antigen…

Q: Allergies and autoimmune diseases are often a result of an over-active (hyper-sensitive) immune…

A: Overactive response leads to allergies and ultimately causes autoimmune diseases. The beginning…

Q: Secretory IgA produced in the epithelium of mucosal surfaces has several functions in protective…

A: There are five different classes of antibodies or immunoglobulence with different properties IgG,…

Q: Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding the effect of high doses of corticosteroids,…

A: Immune system is a system of specialized cells and organs that protects the body from foreign…

Q: Action of Mediators produced from mast cell:Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability:…

A: Mast cells is a kind of white blood cell found in all the connective tissues of the body such as…

Q: Which of the following is false concerning immunoglobulin IgM? O First immunoglobulin class made in…

A: Immunoglobulin also called as antibodies  are the special proteins which are produced by plasma…

Q: Based on the figure presented in attachment what is the most likely ligand for TLR-XX? Be as…

A: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are proteins found on the surface of immune system cells that play an…

Q: You are studying a mouse model of gastrointestinal infections and isolate cells and proteins from a…

A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize…

Q: In cell culture experiments, purified B cells expressing IgM can be induced to switch to producing…

A: In experimental settings involving cell cultures, the transformation of B cells expressing IgM into…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.