Booker Inc. is a distributor of building supplies. Management for the company has developed the following forecasts of net income: Table 8 Forecasted Net Income of Booker Inc. in USD (As of December 31st of each year) Year Forecasted Net Income 2011 $111,432 2012 $131,490 2013 $156,473 2014 $178,379 2015 $199,784 Management expects net income to grow at a rate of 7% per year after 2015 and the company's cost of equity capital is 14%. Management has set a dividend payout ratio equal to 25% of net income and plans to continue this policy. Booker’s common shareholders' equity at January 1, 2011, is $544,902. Using the residual income model, compute the value of equity of Booker as of January 1, 2011. Using the dividend discount model, compute the value of equity of Booker as of January 1, 2011. Compare the results in parts (a) and (b) and discuss possible reasons for any discrepancies.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
- Booker Inc. is a distributor of building supplies. Management for the company has developed the following
forecasts of net income:
Table 8
Forecasted Net Income of Booker Inc. in USD (As of December 31st of each year)
|
Year |
Forecasted Net Income |
|
2011 |
$111,432 |
|
2012 |
$131,490 |
|
2013 |
$156,473 |
|
2014 |
$178,379 |
|
2015 |
$199,784 |
Management expects net income to grow at a rate of 7% per year after 2015 and the company's
- Using the residual income model, compute the value of equity of Booker as of January 1, 2011.
- Using the
dividend discount model , compute the value of equity of Booker as of January 1, 2011. - Compare the results in parts (a) and (b) and discuss possible reasons for any discrepancies.
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