Biochemist Erwin Chargaff was the first to discover that, in DNA, [A] = [T] and [G] = [C]. These equalities are now known as Chargaff's rule. Using Chargaff's rule, determine the percentages of all of the bases in DNA that is 26% thymine. Adenine = 22 Incorrect Cytosine = % %3D 28 Incorrect Guanine = 28 Incorrect
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- Biochemist Erwin Chargaff was the first to note that, in DNA, [A] = [T] and [G]= [C], equalities now called Chargaff’s rule. Using this rule, determine the percentages of all the bases in DNA that is 20% thymine.In the Watson-Crick model for the DNA double helix (B form) the A-T and G-C base pairs share all but one of the following properties. Which is the exception? None of the proton-binding groups in the purine and pyrimidine bases is in its charged or ionized form. The plane of the base pair is roughly perpendicular to the axis of the helix in each case. The number of hydrogen bonds formed between the two bases of the base pair is the same. O The distance between the two glycosidic (base-sugar) bonds is the same in both base pairs, within a few tenths of an angstrom.When DNA is heated, it denatures; that is, the strands separate because hydrogen bonds are broken and some base-stacking and hydrophobic interactions are disrupted. The higher the temperature, the larger the number of hydrogen bonds that are broken. After reviewing DNA base pair structure, determine which of the following molecules will denature first as the temperature is raised. Explain your reasoning. a. 5′-GCATTTCGGCGCGTTA-3′ 3′-CGTAAAGCCGCGCAAT-5′ b. 5′-ATTGCGCTTATATGCT-3′ 3′-TAACGCGAATATACGA-5′
- Recall the DNA’s three-dimensional model. The DNA is a right-handed helix wherein onecomplete 360 0 turn covers a distance of 34 angstroms (Å) or 3.4 nm and 10 base pairs. As a result, thebase pairs are separated by a distance of approximately 3.4 Å. The diameter of the Watson and CrickDNA molecule is 20 Å.Calculate the average number of nucleotide pairs (or base pairs) per micrometer of DNA doublehelix according to the dimension mentioned above. Round off your answer to the nearest wholenumber. Note also that 1 micrometer = 10,000 angstroms.Base analysis of DNA from maize (corn) shows it to have 23 mole percent cytosine (moles per 100 moles total nucleotide). What are the percentages of the other three bases?Using the first and second base key below, predict the DNA sequence given by the SOLID color sequence. For the key G = green, R = red, Y = yellow, and B = blue. Note that the first base of the sequence is already given ("A"). Give the remaining 8 bases for this sequence. A First base A CCT Second base A CGT BGY R GBRY RBG R Y (G) B Y G)(R) GB )( R )( Y ) ( G) B
- Recall the DNA’s three-dimensional model. The DNA is a right-handed helix wherein one complete 3600 turn covers a distance of 34 angstroms (Å) or 3.4 nm and 10 base pairs. As a result, the base pairs are separated by a distance of approximately 3.4 Å. The diameter of the Watson and Crick DNA molecule is 20 Å.Calculate the average number of nucleotide pairs (or base pairs) per micrometer of DNA double helix according to the dimension mentioned above. Round off your answer to the nearest whole number. Note also that 1 micrometer = 10,000 angstroms.In the Watson-Crick DNA base pairing model, Adenine (A) binds to thymine (T), guanine (G) binds to cytosine (C).Draw the structures of thymine and adenine stabilized by Watson-Crick base pair interaction. Also draw the structure of the amide group of glutamine in an interaction of this T-A pair in a way that maximally satisfies the hydrogen bonding capacity of amide.Given the following eukaryotic DNA strand, transcribe and translate the DNA into a polypeptide using the 3’ – 5’ strand as the template. use drawings, diagrams, colours and annotations to describe how the DNA strand will be synthesized into a functional protein. 5’ - TATAAAAASSMSBMDATGSBDCCMBDBAATBSMDSTGTGTCCTMSBAG – 3’ (KEY: The letters SBMD are “made up” nucleic acids that depict non-coding regions in the DNA, hypothetically S pairs with B and M pairs with D).
- If you analyze a double-stranded DNA molecule and find that 15% of all the nucleotide bases are Adenines, you know that there must also be [ Select ] Thymines, [ Select ] Guanines, [ Select ] v Cytosines and [ Select ] Uracils. (Count each of the bases in any double stranded DNA molecule and calculate their percentages to find the simple key for this if you haven't seen it yet.)To create a DNA:RNA hybrid from a short stretch of DNA with the sequence 5'-GGCTAAGTATGCCTAGTAGC-3', design the corresponding RNA sequence. Indicate the sequence in a 5' to 3' manner. What type of helix (A, B or Z) will this double-stranded nucleic acid form?Given the following eukaryotic DNA strand, transcribe and translate the DNA into a polypeptide using the 3’ – 5’ strand as the template. You may use drawings, diagrams, colours and annotations to describe how the DNA strand will be synthesized into a functional protein 5’ - TATAAAAASSMSBMDATGSBDCCMBDBAATBSMDSTGTGTCCTMSBAG – 3’ (KEY: The letters SBMD are “made up” nucleic acids that depict non-coding regions in the DNA, hypothetically S pairs with B and M pairs with D).