Ascorbic acid: What does it mean to say that ascorbic acid is a strong reducing agent? What is the active form of ascorbic acid in plasma and how is it formed? How can we distinguish the various oxidation states of ascorbic acid?

Q: All statement true about solanaceous alkaloids except: solanaceous alkaloids are esters of the O…

A: The alkaloids obtained from the plant Solanaceae.

Q: Glutamate dehydrogenase functions to produce ammonia for the urea cycle. Use the standard reduction…

A: Glutamate dehydrogenase is the enzyme that is responsible for the production of ammonia. Ammonia…

Q: . Unsaturated fatty aids readily undergo radical-mediated peroxidation. Describe the propa- gation…

A: Cells produce many free radicals as a result of various metabolic reactions. The free radicals are…

Q: Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, such as edrophonium, are used to treat Alzheimer’s disease. The…

A: Inhibitor of an enzyme can be reversible or irreversible. The reversible inhibitors are those whose…

Q: The interconversion of DHAP and GAP greatly favors the formation of DHAP at equilibrium. Yet the…

A: GAPDH has a high affinity for DHAP, thus pushes TIM reaction towards GAP formation.

Q: The enzyme Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide…

A: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme belongs to the group of oxidoreductases. It catalyzes the…

Q: b-Oxidation of naturally occurring monounsaturated fattyacids requires an additional enzyme. What is…

A: Beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecule are broken down in the cytosol…

Q: a) List and draw the structure of this coenzyme. Which of the coenzymes required by the PDH does…

A: The given molecular analogue name is Thiamine thiazolone pyrophosphate. It is a transition state…

Q: To explain: How would an uncoupler Dinitrophenol of oxidative phosphorylation promote weight loss.

A: The organic chemical compound 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) It is a biochemically active chemical that…

Q: Human blood serum contains a class of enzymes known as acid phosphatases, which hydrolyze biological…

A: Acid phosphatases are the hydrolytic enzymes that release phosphate ions from various substrates.…

Q: (a) Explain why fluorescence spectroscopy gives a more accurate determination of vitamin B1 than…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question/part 1 for you. If you…

Q: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle…

A: Different compounds in our body are broken down to produce ATP(adenosine triphosphate). ATP is the…

Q: Saccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway,…

A: Carbohydrates such as glucose are broken down through glycolysis and the TCA cycle pathway into…

Q: Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is important for cell survival. The synthesis of S1P from sphingosine…

A: Lineweaver Burk plots are the curves plotted with reciprocal of velocity of enzyme catalyzed…

Q: Sheryl had an elevated level of the CK-MB isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase.What are the different…

A: An increased level of CK-MB indicates myocarditis. Different isoenzymes of creatinine kinase (CK)…

Q: Iodoacetate is a potent inhibitor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. What chemical…

A: Iodoacetate is an inhibitor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GADPH) , a glycolytic enzyme…

Q: The visible spectrum of B-carotene (C40oHs, MW 536.89, the orange pigment in carrots) dissolved in…

A: The β- carotene is the orange pigment that causes colouration of the colouration of fruits and…

Q: Are any of the intermediates in the β-oxidation pathway chiral? Explain.

A: Chiral: it is defined as a molecule with lack of internal plane of symmetry and has four different…

Q: For beta-oxidation of an 18:1 oleate mono-unsaturated fatty acid: - How many Acetyl CoA produced? -…

A: Fatty acids are molecules with hydrocarbon chain and carboxylic acid group. In the absence of…

Q: Saccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway,…

A: Carbohydrates such as glucose are broken into carbon dioxide by glycolytic and the TCA cycle…

Q: Statins are a class of lipid-lowering medications that reduce illness and mortality in those who are…

A: Cardiovascular disease refers to a condition in which the heart and the blood vessels that supply…

Q: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle…

A: There are three types of molecules to yield the energy required by the body to drive ATP synthesis:…

Q: Behenate (C22H44O2) can be obtained by chain elongation from palmitate. How many ATP equivalents are…

A: Introduction;- Adenosine 5′-triphosphate, abbreviated as ATP and generally written without the 5′-,…

Q: The fact that acid-anhydride bonds are less stable than ester bonds helps explain the fact that the…

A: Acid-anhydride bonds are less stable and more reactive than ester bonds due to the presence of the…

Q: Consider the complete oxidation os a 16-C fatty acid. Answer the questions that follow. Use…

A: Beta-oxidation is the oxidation of fatty acids on the beta-carbon atoms, it results in the…

Q: Two moles of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

A: As the given substrate is 2 moles of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. As given the substrate pass through…

Q: a The standard free energy (AG,') for the reduction of CoQ by FADH2 (consult Table 20.1) is -61.7…

A: Since we only answer up to 3 sub-parts, we'll answer the first 3 please resubmit the question and…

Q: Linking a molecule of acetate to CoA is an example of what type of common biochemical reaction? ATP…

A: Acetyl CoA participates in the reactions of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The main function…

Q: Gierke disease (glycogenosis) arises in the inherited defect of glucose-6- phosphatase and is…

A: Glucose is the primary source of energy for the body, which is metabolized through the glycolytic…

Q: . Avidin is a protein that binds extremely tightly to biotin, so avidin is a potent inhibitor of…

A: The synthesis of glucose from various precursors in the body is called gluconeogenesis. Glucose is…

Q: The conversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate is an example of oxidative deamination. Give the…

A: Glutamate has a significant role in carbohydrate metabolism too. It is involved in the…

Q: The conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in the glycolytic pathway (Choose all…

A: Glycolytic pathway is the metabolic pathway which involves a sequence of enzymatic reactions that…

Q: Fatty acids are oxidized by acyl COA dehydrogenase. Branched fatty acids, containing a methyl group…

A: Fatty acids are the molecules that contain long chains of lipid carboxylic acid that is present in…

Q: consider the following fatty acid: ch3-ch2-ch2-ch2-ch2-ch2=ch-cooh. in terms of reducing…

A: Fatty acids are the simplest form of lipids and serve as constituents in a large number of complex…

Q: Equation for the esterification of glycerol and three ethanoic acids

A: Esterification reaction refers to condensation reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids. This…

Q: From data in Table 13-6, calculate the ΔG′° value for the following reactions:(a) Phosphocreatine +…

A: ∆G'° for any reaction is a fixed parameter defined for standard conditions. Gibbs energy changes of…

Q: Galactose 1-phosphate: UDP-glucose uridyltransferase (GALT) is an enzyme important for the…

A: Galactose 1-phosphate: UDP-glucose uridyltransferase (GALT): GALT is an enzyme of the Leloir pathway…

Q: Malonate (p. 227) poisons the citric acid cycle because it inhibits succinate dehydrogenase. After…

A: Malonate inhibits the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme and ultimately the TCA cycle. Malonate is a 3…

Q: The pKa for histidine is pKa = 6.1 while that for cysteine is pKa = 8.0 2. Assume that both…

A: Histidine and cysteine are catalytic groups present in the given enzyme. The pka for histidine is…

Q: Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is important for cell survival. The synthesis of S1P from sphingosine…

A: Michaelis menten constant, Km is the substrate concentration required to produce half maximum…

Q: Explain the role and functioning of chaperone proteins. Explain, why several chaperones…

A: Introduction :- Proteins called chaperones direct other proteins along the correct folding paths.…

Q: There are parts A-C for this picture included. A) What type of enzyme is Malate Dehydrogenase?…

A: Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible conversion of malate into oxaloacetate. This is the…

Q: Which of the following biochemical conversions can be carried out by the least number of proteins?…

A: Fatty acid synthesis is a major anabolic pathway in organisms. They are important component of…

Q: Fatty acids are oxidized by acyl COA dehydrogenase. Branched fatty acids, containing a methyl group…

A: Beta-oxidation is the process of the breakdown of complex fatty acids present in our diet to simple…

Q: Properties of an Enzyme of Prostaglandin Synthesis.Prostaglandins are a class of eicosanoids, fatty…

A: According to Michaelis-Menten Kinetics, when the rate or velocity of an enzyme catalyzed reaction…

Q: (c) phorylated with ATP by action of triose kinase, is there a metabolic advantage for the mole-rat…

A: Monosaccharides such as fructose and glucose are catabolized to generate ATP in almost all…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.