Q: What is the position and orientation of TAR important for HIV-1 transcription?
A: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - 1 proviral DNA transcription is done by Pol II of the host. It…
Q: Why is knowing about how COVID-19 virus works important?
A: Coronavirus causes disease called COVID-19. CoV coronaviruses are large family of viruses which are…
Q: HIV requires an enzyme called ______________ to convert its RNA genome to a DNA version. Why is this…
A: Human Immunodeficiency Virus attacks the body’s immune system threatening life with opportunistic…
Q: What is the structure of the influenza virus? What are its unique characteristics
A: A virus is a biological particle that infects the host by entering it and then reproducing inside it…
Q: Besides being a general base, what's the other function of Asp in mechanism of HIV-1 aspartate…
A: HIV-1 Aspartate Protease is a retropepsin enzyme i.e., retroviral aspartyl protease enzyme. Besides…
Q: What is HIV-protease ?
A: HIV-1 protease (PR) is a retroviral aspartyl protease , an enzyme involved with peptide bond…
Q: Describe the life cycle of influenza virus. What function do the neuraminidase and haemagglutinin…
A: Introduction Influenza is a virus that affects our respiratory system, which includes our nose,…
Q: Give an example of a nucleoside analogue that has been used successfully as an antiretroviral drug.…
A: Nucleoside analogue can be defined as a class of drugs ,which are mainly used to as antiviral agent…
Q: What is crystallization of a virus? What is the importance of this process?
A: The process of transforming the components of a virus into organized particles and thereby…
Q: What does the enzyme reverse transcriptase do and why is it agood target for anti-HIV drugs?
A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent. It replicates only inside the living cells of an…
Q: What mechanism of antibiotic resistance does the NDM gene code for?
A: Antibiotic Resistance is the phenomenon by which any bacteria can survive in the presence of…
Q: The genome of a retrovirus can integrate into the host cell genome. What gene is unique to…
A: Introduction Central Dogma: it is the key mechanism by which DNA can be transcribed into mRNA by…
Q: hat are some of the challenges of using recombinant molecules to treatment of HIV?
A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) affects immune cells that aid in the body's ability to fight…
Q: Why adeno-associated virus (AAV) is widely used ?
A: Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are small viruses belonging to the family of Parvoviridae. They cause…
Q: What is the basic structure of the HIV virus? What is the function of the glycoproteins of its…
A: HIV is known as Human Immuno Deficiency Virus, the agent of AIDS which belongs to the lentivirus…
Q: How is AZT a competitive inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase?
A: A vital early stage in the HIV life cycle is the reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome into…
Q: What two different DNA viral infections can be identified with a Papsmear? Explain what…
A: Infection is defined as the state of invasion on the body tissues of an organism, which is caused by…
Q: Why might a virus encode its own version of an MHC class I molecule?
A: To determine: To determine why a virus encode its own version of an MHC class I molecule
Q: What are the differences of replication of virus and replication of HIV?
A: Virus It is a submicroscopic infectious agent. It can replicate only inside the living cells.…
Q: How is the gp120 protein important to HIV and its ability to confound the immune system?
A: Envelope glycoprotein GP120 is a glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope.
Q: One of the first and most important targets for drugs to fight infection with HIV (a retrovirus) is…
A: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that contains single-strand RNA genome. It…
Q: Why is it essential that negative-strand viruses carry an enzymein their virions?
A: Negative-strand viruses are RNA viruses that have a negative sense genome that is single stranded…
Q: What is the role of tRNAlys in the HIV replication cycle?
A: Transfer RNA is a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis, tRNALys is the tRNA…
Q: Why is gap repair synthesis needed during HIV DNA integration?
A:
Q: How does a short hairpin RNA( shRNA) against the U5 region of HIV-1 inhibit HIV-1 replication?
A: HIV is a retrovirus with RNA as the genetic material. The virus infects the T helper cells and…
Q: How does the enzyme reverse transcriptase violate the central dogma of molecular biology in HIV
A: A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme that converts an RNA template into complementary DNA…
Q: Please help explain this Vpr counteracts the LAPTM5 mediated degradation of HIV-1 Env
A: HIV-1 can infect few immune cell types yet essentially targets CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages.…
Q: please help explain HIV-1 Vpr counteracts HLTF-mediated restriction of HIV-1 infection in T cells
A: HIV also called human imuno deficiency virus It is a chronic infection as it evades immune system of…
Q: What is the function of the VPg protein of poliovirus,and how can coronaviruses replicate without a…
A: A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells. Once inside a…
Q: Which protein product of HTLV-1 functions as a transcriptional activator and is also considered to…
A: HTLV-1 is an enveloped virus that contains two strands of RNA within a protein capsid. It can infect…
Q: Can a dog with COVID-19 infect a person
A: COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory medical condition caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2…
Q: Explain the Structure of the AIDS virus?
A: AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
Q: During HAART therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), what are the rationale and mechanisms…
A: HAART: Multiple antiretroviral medications are typically used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS in order…
Q: Please help explain this LAPTM5 Transport HIV-1 Env to the lysosome for degradation
A: Answer
Q: Name a nucleoside analog. Explain how that nucleoside analog works. Which viruses are effectively…
A: Nucleoside analogues are nucleosides that contain a sugar and a nucleic acid counterpart. Nucleoside…
Q: What kinds of enzymes can be found within the virions of RNAviruses? Why are they there?
A: Viruses are mostly pathogenic forms which neither considered to be living or non-living outside the…
Q: Tat and Rev proteins are required for HIV replication. What are their roles and why are they…
A: Introduction Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two types of Lentivirus (a type of retrovirus…
Q: How is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) resistant to disinfectants and antiseptics?
A: Antimicrobial agents that are used to destroy or kill the pathogenic microorganism on the surface of…
Q: What is a retroviral oncogene? Is it necessary for viral infectionand proliferation? How have…
A: Retrovirus would have RNA genome. Along with the genome, they usually have reverse transcriptase…
Q: What is the function of each of the following HIV products: gp120, reverse transcriptase, and…
A: HIV is a virus which that attacks the immune system. HIV components play a vital role during the…
Are the HIV-1 protease inhibitors transition state analogs? Why or why not?
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- Why can protease inhibitors and nucleoside analogs be used in minimizing the replication of the HIV virus?Why is HIV protease a good target for anti-HIV therapy and drug discovery?Name a nucleoside analog. Explain how that nucleoside analog works. Which viruses are effectively treated by that nucleoside analog?
- Why are protease inhibitors an effective treatment forhuman AIDS?Which antiretroviral drug class does Zidovudine (AZT) belong to? a) Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) b) Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) c) Protease inhibitors d) Integrase inhibitorsWhat properties make ribavirin an effective antiviral compound? Give an example of a virus and yay is inhibited by ribavirin. Thank you!
- What is HIV-protease ?Moderna and Pfizer vaccines for COVID-19 use mRNA to the Spike protein combined with lipids. Which of the following is/are advantages of this type of vaccine compared to an inactivated virus vaccine? Select ALL correct answers. a) The vaccine is more stable for transport. b) The vaccine does not contain the virus so it cannot give you COVID-19. c) The vaccine can be rapidly produced in a slightly different form to protect from variants of SARS-CoV-2. d) The vaccine does not need a booster.present the chemical mechanism of the HIV protease. Discuss the mode of action of some inhibitors of this enzyme.